/**********************************************************************
  TextRenderer - a temporary replacement for QGLWidget::renderText until it
  matures a bit more ;)

  Copyright (C) 2007 Benoit Jacob

  This file is part of the Avogadro molecular editor project.
  For more information, see <http://avogadro.cc/>

  Avogadro is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
  (at your option) any later version.

  Avogadro is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  GNU General Public License for more details.

  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
  02110-1301, USA.
 **********************************************************************/

#include "textrenderer_p.h"

#include "glwidget.h"
#include "camera.h"

#include <QPainter>
#include <QHash>
#include <QDebug>

#define OUTLINE_WIDTH     3
const int OUTLINE_BRUSH[2*OUTLINE_WIDTH+1][2*OUTLINE_WIDTH+1]
= { { 10, 30,  45,  50,  45,  30,  10 },
  { 30, 65,  85,  100,  85, 65,  30 },
  { 45, 85,  200, 256, 200, 85,  45 },
  { 50, 100, 256, 256, 256, 100, 50},
  { 45, 85,  200, 256, 200, 85,  45 },
  { 30, 65,  85,  100,  85, 65,  30 },
  { 10, 30,  45,  50,  45,  30,  10 } };

/*
   = { { 40,  75,  100,  75, 40 },
   { 75,  200, 256, 200, 75 },
   { 100, 256, 256, 256, 100 },
   { 75,  200, 256, 200, 75 },
   { 40,  75,  100,  75, 40 } };
   */
/*  = { { 200, 256, 200 },
    { 256, 256, 256 },
    { 200, 256, 200 } }; */

namespace Avogadro {

  /** @internal
   * This is a helper class for TextRenderer.
   *
   * The CharRenderer class represents a character stored as OpenGL rendering
   * data : a texture object and a display list mapping it on a quad and then
   * translating to the right of it.
   *
   * See the charTable member of TextRenderer for an example of use of
   * this class.
   */
  class CharRenderer
  {
    protected:
      GLuint m_glyphTexture;
      GLuint m_outlineTexture;

      GLuint m_quadDisplayList;

      GLenum m_textureTarget;

      /**
       * Width and height in pixels of the rendered character
       */
      int m_realwidth, m_realheight;

    public:
      CharRenderer();
      ~CharRenderer();

      /** Builds the texture and the display list for a given character and font */
      bool initialize( QChar c, const QFont &font, GLenum textureTarget );

      /** Calls the display list, drawing the character as a textured quad */
      void draw(const float *color) const;

      /** @returns the height of the rendered character in pixels */
      inline int height() const { return m_realheight; }

      /** @returns the width of the rendered character in pixels */
      inline int width() const { return m_realwidth; }

      inline void drawOutline() const
      {
        glBindTexture(m_textureTarget, m_outlineTexture);
        glCallList( m_quadDisplayList );
      }

      inline void drawGlyph() const
      {
        glBindTexture(m_textureTarget, m_glyphTexture);
        glCallList( m_quadDisplayList );
      }
  };

  CharRenderer::CharRenderer()
  {
    m_glyphTexture = 0;
    m_outlineTexture = 0;
    m_quadDisplayList = 0;
  }

  CharRenderer::~CharRenderer()
  {
    if( m_glyphTexture ) glDeleteTextures( 1, &m_glyphTexture );
    if( m_outlineTexture ) glDeleteTextures( 1, &m_outlineTexture );
    if( m_quadDisplayList ) glDeleteLists( m_quadDisplayList, 1 );
  }

  static void normalizeTexSize( GLenum textureTarget,
      int& texwidth, int& texheight )
  {
    // if the texture target is GL_TEXTURE_2D, that means that
    // the texture_rectangle OpenGL extension is unsupported and we must
    // use only square, power-of-two textures.
    if( textureTarget == GL_TEXTURE_2D )
    {
      int x = qMax( texwidth, texheight );
      // find next power of two
      int n;
      for(n = 1; n < x; n = n << 1) {}
      // the texture must be square, and its size must be a power of two.
      texwidth = texheight = n;
    }
  }

  bool CharRenderer::initialize( QChar c, const QFont &font, GLenum textureTarget )
  {
    if( m_quadDisplayList ) return true;
    m_textureTarget = textureTarget;
    // *** STEP 1 : render the character to a QImage ***

    // compute the size of the image to create
    const QFontMetrics fontMetrics ( font );
    m_realwidth = fontMetrics.width(c);
    m_realheight = fontMetrics.height();
    if(m_realwidth == 0 || m_realheight == 0) return false;
    int texwidth  =  m_realwidth + 2 * OUTLINE_WIDTH;
    int texheight = m_realheight + 2 * OUTLINE_WIDTH;
    normalizeTexSize(textureTarget, texwidth, texheight);

    // create a new image
    QImage image( texwidth, texheight, QImage::Format_RGB32 );
    QPainter painter;
    // start painting the image
    painter.begin( &image );
    painter.setFont( font );
    painter.setRenderHint( QPainter::TextAntialiasing );
    painter.setBackground( Qt::black );
    painter.eraseRect( image.rect() );
    // use an artificial blue color. This image is only used internally anyway.
    painter.setPen( Qt::blue );
    // actually paint the character. The position seems right at least with Helvetica
    // at various sizes, I didn't try other fonts. If in the future a user complains about
    // the text being clamped to the top/bottom, change this line.
    painter.drawText ( 1, m_realheight
        + 2 * OUTLINE_WIDTH
        - painter.fontMetrics().descent(),
        c );
    // end painting the image
    painter.end();

    // *** STEP 2 : extract the raw bitmap from the image ***

    // --> explanation: the image we just rendered is RGB, but actually all the
    //     data is in the B channel because we painted in blue. Now we extract
    //     this blue channel into a separate bitmap that'll be faster to manipulate
    //     in what follows.

    int *rawbitmap = new int[ texwidth * texheight ];
    if( ! rawbitmap ) return false;
    int n = 0;
    // loop over the pixels of the image, in reverse y direction
    for( int j = texheight - 1; j >= 0; j-- )
      for( int i = 0; i < texwidth; i++, n++ )
      {
        double x = qBlue( image.pixel( i, j ) ) / 255.0;
        double y = pow(x, 0.75); /* this applies a gamma correction.
                  the effect of this is to concentrate the intensities in
                  the large values. This results in a slightly bolder-looking
                  font, which is more suitable for outlining. More importantly,
                  this makes more intense the otherwise dim shades. As the
                  intensity of the outline is proportional to the intensity of
                  the rawbitmap, dim shades give a dim outline which is
                  bad for readability, so we don't want a whole part of a glyph
                  to use a dim shade. Now the problem is that on my setup,
                  e.g. the small "n" had one of its legs spread across two columns
                  of pixels, each with a dim shade.*/
        rawbitmap[n] = static_cast<int>(255.0 * y);
      }

    // *** STEP 3 : compute the neighborhood map from the raw bitmap ***

    // --> explanation: we apply a convolution filter to the raw bitmap
    //     to produce a new map each pixel is associated a float telling how
    //     much it is surrounded by other pixels.

    int *neighborhood = new int[ texwidth * texheight ];
    if( ! neighborhood )
    {
      delete [] rawbitmap;
      return false;
    }
    for( int i = 0; i < texheight * texwidth; i++)
      neighborhood[i] = 0;

    for( int i = 0; i < texheight; i++ ) {
      for( int j = 0; j < texwidth; j++ ) {
        n = j + i * texwidth;
        for( int di = -OUTLINE_WIDTH; di <= OUTLINE_WIDTH; di++ ) {
          for( int dj = -OUTLINE_WIDTH; dj <= OUTLINE_WIDTH; dj++ ) {
            int fi = i + di;
            int fj = j + dj;
            if( fi >= 0 && fi < texheight && fj >= 0 && fj < texwidth ) {
              int fn = fj + fi * texwidth;
              neighborhood[fn]
                = qMax(
                    neighborhood[fn],
                    rawbitmap[n]
                    * OUTLINE_BRUSH[OUTLINE_WIDTH + di]
                    [OUTLINE_WIDTH + dj]);
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }

    // *** STEP 4 : compute the final bitmap ***
    // --> explanation: we build the bitmap that will be passed to OpenGL for texturing.
    //     this texture has 2 channels: the luminance and the alpha channels.
    //     the rawbitmap readily gives the luminance channel, while the computation of the
    //     alpha channel is a bit more involved and uses the neighborhood map.

    GLubyte *glyphbitmap = new GLubyte[ texwidth * texheight ];
    if( ! glyphbitmap )
    {
      delete [] rawbitmap;
      delete [] neighborhood;
      return false;
    }
    GLubyte *outlinebitmap = new GLubyte[ texwidth * texheight ];
    if( ! outlinebitmap )
    {
      delete [] rawbitmap;
      delete [] neighborhood;
      delete [] outlinebitmap;
      delete [] glyphbitmap;
      return false;
    }

    for( int n = 0; n < texwidth * texheight; n++ )
    {
      glyphbitmap[n] = static_cast<GLubyte>(rawbitmap[n]);
      int alpha = (neighborhood[n] >> 8) + rawbitmap[n];
      if( alpha > 255 ) {
        alpha = 255;
      }
      outlinebitmap[n] = static_cast<GLubyte>(alpha);
    }

    delete [] rawbitmap;
    delete [] neighborhood;

    // *** STEP 5 : pass the final bitmap to OpenGL for texturing ***

    glGenTextures( 1, &m_glyphTexture );
    if( ! m_glyphTexture )
    {
      delete [] glyphbitmap;
      return false;
    }
    glGenTextures( 1, &m_outlineTexture );
    if( ! m_outlineTexture )
    {
      delete [] glyphbitmap;
      return false;
    }

    glPixelStorei( GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1 );

    glBindTexture( textureTarget, m_glyphTexture );
    glTexImage2D(
        textureTarget,
        0,
        GL_ALPHA,
        texwidth,
        texheight,
        0,
        GL_ALPHA,
        GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,
        glyphbitmap );

    glTexParameteri( textureTarget, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST );
    glTexParameteri( textureTarget, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST );

    glBindTexture( textureTarget, m_outlineTexture );
    glTexImage2D(
        textureTarget,
        0,
        GL_ALPHA,
        texwidth,
        texheight,
        0,
        GL_ALPHA,
        GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,
        outlinebitmap );

    glTexParameteri( textureTarget, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST );
    glTexParameteri( textureTarget, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST );

    // the texture data is now kept alive by OpenGL. It's time to free the bitmaps.
    delete [] glyphbitmap;
    delete [] outlinebitmap;

    // *** STEP 6 : compile the display list ***

    m_quadDisplayList = glGenLists(1);
    if( ! m_quadDisplayList ) return false;

    int texcoord_width = (textureTarget == GL_TEXTURE_2D) ? 1 : texwidth;
    int texcoord_height = (textureTarget == GL_TEXTURE_2D) ? 1 : texheight;

    glNewList( m_quadDisplayList, GL_COMPILE );
    glBegin( GL_QUADS );
    glTexCoord2i( 0, 0);
    glVertex2f( 0 , -texheight );
    glTexCoord2i( texcoord_width, 0);
    glVertex2f( texwidth , -texheight );
    glTexCoord2i( texcoord_width, texcoord_height);
    glVertex2f( texwidth, 0 );
    glTexCoord2i( 0, texcoord_height);
    glVertex2f( 0 , 0 );
    glEnd();
    glTranslatef( m_realwidth, 0, 0 );
    glEndList();

    return true;
  }

  class TextRendererPrivate
  {
    public:

      TextRendererPrivate() : initialized(false) {}
      ~TextRendererPrivate() {}

      /**
       * The font used for rendering the chars.
       */
      QFont font;

      /**
       * This hash gives the correspondence table between QChars
       * (the keys) and the corresponding CharRenderers (the values).
       * Every time a QChar is being met, either it is found in this
       * table, in which case it can be directly rendered, or it is
       * not found, in which case a new CharRenderer is created for
       * it and added to this table.
       */
      QHash<QChar, CharRenderer*> charTable;

      /**
       * The GLWidget in which to render. This is set
       * once and for all by setup().
       */
      GLWidget *glwidget;

      GLboolean textmode;

      bool initialized;

      GLenum textureTarget;

      static int isGLExtensionSupported(const char *extension);
      void do_draw(const QString &string);
  };

  TextRenderer::TextRenderer() : d(new TextRendererPrivate)
  {
    d->glwidget = 0;
    d->textmode = false;
  }

  TextRenderer::~TextRenderer()
  {
    QHash<QChar, CharRenderer *>::iterator i = d->charTable.begin();
    while( i != d->charTable.end() )
    {
      delete i.value();
      i = d->charTable.erase(i);
    }
    delete d;
  }

  // void TextRenderer::setGLWidget( GLWidget *glwidget )
  // {
  //   d->glwidget = glwidget;
  //   d->font = d->glwidget->font();
  // }

  // the code of isGLExtensionSupported() is taken from the webpage:
  // http://www.opengl.org/resources/features/OGLextensions/
  // it seems pretty clear from this context that this code is provided
  // without any use restriction.
  int TextRendererPrivate::isGLExtensionSupported(const char *extension)
  {
    const GLubyte *extensions = NULL;
    const GLubyte *start;
    GLubyte *where, *terminator;
    /* Extension names should not have spaces. */
    where = (GLubyte *) strchr(extension, ' ');
    if (where || *extension == '\0')
      return 0;
    extensions = glGetString(GL_EXTENSIONS);
    /* It takes a bit of care to be fool-proof about parsing the
       OpenGL extensions string. Don't be fooled by sub-strings,
       etc. */
    start = extensions;
    for (;;) {
      where = (GLubyte *) strstr((const char *) start, extension);
      if (!where)
        break;
      terminator = where + strlen(extension);
      if (where == start || *(where - 1) == ' ')
        if (*terminator == ' ' || *terminator == '\0')
          return 1;
      start = terminator;
    }
    return 0;
  }


  void TextRenderer::begin(GLWidget *widget)
  {
    if(!d->initialized) {
      if(TextRendererPrivate::isGLExtensionSupported("GL_ARB_texture_rectangle")) {
        d->textureTarget = GL_TEXTURE_RECTANGLE_ARB;
        qDebug() << "OpenGL extension GL_ARB_texture_rectangle is present.";
      } else {
        d->textureTarget = GL_TEXTURE_2D;
        qDebug() << "OpenGL extension GL_ARB_texture_rectangle is absent.";
      }
      d->initialized = true;
    }

    // already called begin
    if(d->glwidget == widget)
    {
      return;
    }


    // make sure we called ::end
    assert(!d->glwidget);

    d->glwidget = widget;
    d->textmode = true;
    //   glPushAttrib(GL_ENABLE_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
    glPushAttrib(GL_ALL_ATTRIB_BITS);
    glDisable(GL_LIGHTING);
    glDisable(GL_FOG);
    glDisable(GL_CULL_FACE);
    glEnable(d->textureTarget);
    glEnable(GL_BLEND);
    glDepthMask(GL_FALSE);
    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
    glPushMatrix();
    glLoadIdentity();
    glOrtho( 0, d->glwidget->width(), 0, d->glwidget->height(), 0, 1 );
    glMatrixMode( GL_MODELVIEW );
  }

  void TextRenderer::end()
  {
    if(d->glwidget) {
      assert(d->textmode);
      glMatrixMode( GL_PROJECTION );
      glPopMatrix();
      glMatrixMode( GL_MODELVIEW );
      glPopAttrib();
      glDepthMask(GL_TRUE);
      glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);
      d->textmode = false;
      d->glwidget = 0;
    }
  }

  void TextRendererPrivate::do_draw( const QString &string )
  {
    int i;
    GLfloat color[4];
    glGetFloatv(GL_CURRENT_COLOR, color);

    // Pass 1: render and cache the glyphs that are not yet cached.
    for( i = 0; i < string.size(); i++ )
    {
      if( ! charTable.contains( string[i] ) )
      {
        CharRenderer *c = new CharRenderer;
        if(!c->initialize( string[i], font, textureTarget ) )
        {
          delete c;
          c = new CharRenderer;
          qDebug() << "Character " << string[i]
            << "(unicode" << string[i].unicode()
            << ") failed to render using the following font:";
          qDebug() << font.toString();
          if(!c->initialize( '*', font, textureTarget ))
          {
            qDebug() << "Can't render even a simple character (*).";
            qDebug() << "Are you using a bad font, or what?";
            qDebug() << "The font being used is:";
            qDebug() << font.toString();
            assert(false);
          }
        }
        charTable.insert( string[i], c);
      }
    }

    // Pass 2: render the outline
    glColor4f((1-color[0])/2,(1-color[1])/2,(1-color[2])/2,1); // use opposite color, but make it darker
    glPushMatrix();
    for( i = 0; i < string.size(); ++i )
    {
      charTable.value( string[i] )->drawOutline();
    }
    glPopMatrix();

    // Pass 3: render the glyphs themselves
    glColor4fv(color);
    for( i = 0; i < string.size(); ++i )
    {
      charTable.value( string[i] )->drawGlyph();
    }
  }

  int TextRenderer::draw( int x, int y, const QString &string )
  {
    assert(d->textmode);
    if( string.isEmpty() ) return 0;
    glPushMatrix();
    glLoadIdentity();
    glTranslatef( x, d->glwidget->height() - y, 0 );
    d->do_draw(string);
    glPopMatrix();
    const QFontMetrics fontMetrics ( d->font );
    return fontMetrics.height();
  }

  int TextRenderer::draw( const Eigen::Vector3d &pos, const QString &string )
  {
    assert(d->textmode);
    if( string.isEmpty() ) return 0;

    const QFontMetrics fontMetrics ( d->font );
    int w = fontMetrics.width(string);
    int h = fontMetrics.height();

    Eigen::Vector3d wincoords = d->glwidget->camera()->project(pos);

    // project is in QT window coordinates
    wincoords.y() = d->glwidget->height() - wincoords.y();

    wincoords.x() -= w/2;
    wincoords.y() += h/2;

    glPushMatrix();
    glLoadIdentity();
    glTranslatef( static_cast<int>(wincoords.x()),
        static_cast<int>(wincoords.y()),
        -wincoords.z() );
    d->do_draw(string);
    glPopMatrix();
    return h;
  }

  bool TextRenderer::isActive()
  {
    return d->glwidget;
  }

} // namespace Avogadro
