times
Prev | Orchestra Opcodes and Operators | Next

## times

times — Read absolute time in seconds.

## Description

Read absolute time, in seconds, since the start of the performance.

## Syntax

    ires times

    kres times

## Performance

Time in seconds is available with times. This would return 0.5 after half a second.

times can both produce a k-rate variable for output. There are no input parameters.

times can also operate at the start of the instance of the instrument. It produces an i-rate variable (starting with i or gi) as its output.

## Examples

Here is an example of the times opcode. It uses the file times_complex.csd.

Example 1092. Example of the times opcode.

See the sections Real-time Audio and Command Line Flags for more information on using command line flags.

    <CsoundSynthesizer>
    <CsOptions>
    ; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform
    -odac     ;;;realtime audio out
    ;-iadc    ;;;uncomment -iadc if realtime audio input is needed too
    ; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:
    ; -o times_complex.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform
    </CsOptions>
    <CsInstruments>
    ;by joachim heintz and rory walsh
    sr = 44100
    ksmps = 32
    nchnls = 2
    0dbfs = 1

    giWave   ftgen      0, 0, 1024, 10, 1, .5, .25

    instr again

    instance =          p4
     ;reset the duration of this instance
    iDur     rnd31      5, 3				;shorter values are more probable
    iDur     =          abs(iDur) + 0.2
    p3       =          iDur
     ;trigger the effect instrument of this instance
             event_i    "i", "fx_processor", 0, iDur, instance
     ;print the status quo
    kTime    times
             prints     "instance = %d, start = %f, duration = %f\n", instance, i(kTime), iDur
     ;make sound
    iamp     active     1					;scale amplitudes
    iOct     random     5, 10				;find pitch
    aEnv     transeg    0, 0.02, 0, 1/iamp, p3-0.02, -6, 0	;output envelope
    aSend    poscil     aEnv, cpsoct(iOct), giWave		;audio signal
     ;send signal to effect instrument
    Sbus     sprintf    "audio_%d", instance		;create unique software bus
             chnset     aSend/2, Sbus			;send audio on this bus
     ;get the last k-cycle of this instance and trigger the successor in it
    kLast    release
             schedkwhen kLast, 0, 0, "again", 0, 1, instance+1
    endin

    instr fx_processor
     ;apply feedback delay to the above instrument
    iwhich    =         p4					;receive instance number ...
    Sbus      sprintf   "audio_%d", iwhich			; ... and related software bus
    audio     chnget    Sbus				;receive audio on this bus
    irvbtim   random    1, 5				;find reverb time
    p3        =         p3+irvbtim				;adjust instrument duration
    iltptmL   random    .1, .5				;find looptime left ...
    iltptmR   random    .1, .5				;...and right
    ipan      random    0, 1				; pan and ...
    imix      random    0, 1				;... mix audio
    aL,aR     pan2      audio, ipan				;create stereo
    awetL     comb      aL, irvbtim, iltptmL		;comb filter
    awetR     comb      aR, irvbtim, iltptmR
    aoutL     ntrpol    aL, awetL, imix			;wet-dry mix
    aoutR     ntrpol    aR, awetR, imix
              outs      aoutL/2, aoutR/2
    endin

    </CsInstruments>
    <CsScore>
    i "again" 0 1 1

    e 3600
    </CsScore>
    </CsoundSynthesizer>

Its output should include lines like these:

    new alloc for instr again:
    instance = 1, start = 0.000000, duration = 0.650439
    new alloc for instr fx_processor:
    instance = 2, start = 0.650884, duration = 0.411043
    new alloc for instr fx_processor:
    instance = 3, start = 1.061587, duration = 0.231085
    new alloc for instr fx_processor:
    instance = 4, start = 1.292336, duration = 0.543473
    new alloc for instr fx_processor:
    instance = 5, start = 1.835828, duration = 1.777097

## See Also

timeinstk, timeinsts, timek

## Credits

Author: Robin Whittle
Australia
May 1997

Prev | Up | Next
timek | Home | timout