foscil
Prev | Orchestra Opcodes and Operators | Next

## foscil

foscil — A basic frequency modulated oscillator.

## Description

A basic frequency modulated oscillator.

## Syntax

    ares foscil xamp, kcps, xcar, xmod, kndx, ifn [, iphs]

## Initialization

ifn -- function table number. Requires a wrap-around guard point.

iphs (optional, default=0) -- initial phase of waveform in table ifn, expressed as a fraction of a cycle (0 to 1). A negative value will cause phase initialization to be skipped. The default value is 0.

## Performance

xamp -- the amplitude of the output signal.

kcps -- a common denominator, in cycles per second, for the carrier and modulating frequencies.

xcar -- a factor that, when multiplied by the kcps parameter, gives the carrier frequency.

xmod -- a factor that, when multiplied by the kcps parameter, gives the modulating frequency.

kndx -- the modulation index.

foscil is a composite unit that effectively banks two oscil opcodes in the familiar Chowning FM setup, wherein the audio-rate output of one generator is used to modulate the frequency input of another (the “carrier”). Effective carrier frequency = kcps * xcar, and modulating frequency = kcps * xmod. For integral values of xcar and xmod, the perceived fundamental will be the minimum positive value of kcps * (xcar - n * xmod), n = 0,1,2,... The input kndx is the index of modulation (usually time-varying and ranging 0 to 4 or so) which determines the spread of acoustic energy over the partial positions given by n = 0,1,2,.., etc. ifn should point to a stored sine wave. Previous to version 3.50, xcar and xmod could be k-rate only.

The actual formula used for this implementation of FM synthesis is xamp * cos(2π * t * kcps * xcar + kndx * sin(2π * t * kcps * xmod) - π), assuming that the table is a sine wave.

## Examples

Here is an example of the foscil opcode. It uses the file foscil.csd.

Example 364. Example of the foscil opcode.

See the sections Real-time Audio and Command Line Flags for more information on using command line flags.

    <CsoundSynthesizer>
    <CsOptions>
    ; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform
    -odac      ;;;realtime audio out
    ;-iadc    ;;;uncomment -iadc if realtime audio input is needed too
    ; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:
    ; -o foscil.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform
    </CsOptions>
    <CsInstruments>

    sr = 44100
    ksmps = 32
    nchnls = 2
    0dbfs  = 1

    instr 1

    kcps = 440
    kcar = 1
    kmod = p4
    kndx line 0, p3, 20	;intensivy sidebands

    asig foscil .5, kcps, kcar, kmod, kndx, 1
         outs asig, asig

    endin
    </CsInstruments>
    <CsScore>
    ; sine
    f 1 0 16384 10 1

    i 1 0  9 .01	;vibrato
    i 1 10 .  1
    i 1 20 . 1.414	;gong-ish
    i 1 30 5 2.05	;with "beat"
    e
    </CsScore>
    </CsoundSynthesizer>

## See Also

More information about frequency modulation on Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_modulation_synthesis

Prev | Up | Next
follow2 | Home | foscili