// Copyright 2007, Google Inc.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

// Google Mock - a framework for writing C++ mock classes.
//
// This file tests the built-in actions.

// Silence C4100 (unreferenced formal parameter) for MSVC
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#pragma warning(push)
#pragma warning(disable : 4100)
#if _MSC_VER == 1900
// and silence C4800 (C4800: 'int *const ': forcing value
// to bool 'true' or 'false') for MSVC 15
#pragma warning(disable : 4800)
#endif
#endif

#include "gmock/gmock-actions.h"
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <type_traits>
#include "gmock/gmock.h"
#include "gmock/internal/gmock-port.h"
#include "gtest/gtest.h"
#include "gtest/gtest-spi.h"

namespace {

using ::testing::_;
using ::testing::Action;
using ::testing::ActionInterface;
using ::testing::Assign;
using ::testing::ByMove;
using ::testing::ByRef;
using ::testing::DefaultValue;
using ::testing::DoAll;
using ::testing::DoDefault;
using ::testing::IgnoreResult;
using ::testing::Invoke;
using ::testing::InvokeWithoutArgs;
using ::testing::MakePolymorphicAction;
using ::testing::PolymorphicAction;
using ::testing::Return;
using ::testing::ReturnNew;
using ::testing::ReturnNull;
using ::testing::ReturnRef;
using ::testing::ReturnRefOfCopy;
using ::testing::ReturnRoundRobin;
using ::testing::SetArgPointee;
using ::testing::SetArgumentPointee;
using ::testing::Unused;
using ::testing::WithArgs;
using ::testing::internal::BuiltInDefaultValue;

#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
using ::testing::SetErrnoAndReturn;
#endif

// Tests that BuiltInDefaultValue<T*>::Get() returns NULL.
TEST(BuiltInDefaultValueTest, IsNullForPointerTypes)
{
    EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<int *>::Get() == nullptr);
    EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<const char *>::Get() == nullptr);
    EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<void *>::Get() == nullptr);
}

// Tests that BuiltInDefaultValue<T*>::Exists() return true.
TEST(BuiltInDefaultValueTest, ExistsForPointerTypes)
{
    EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<int *>::Exists());
    EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<const char *>::Exists());
    EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<void *>::Exists());
}

// Tests that BuiltInDefaultValue<T>::Get() returns 0 when T is a
// built-in numeric type.
TEST(BuiltInDefaultValueTest, IsZeroForNumericTypes)
{
    EXPECT_EQ(0U, BuiltInDefaultValue<unsigned char>::Get());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, BuiltInDefaultValue<signed char>::Get());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, BuiltInDefaultValue<char>::Get());
#if GMOCK_WCHAR_T_IS_NATIVE_
#if !defined(__WCHAR_UNSIGNED__)
    EXPECT_EQ(0, BuiltInDefaultValue<wchar_t>::Get());
#else
    EXPECT_EQ(0U, BuiltInDefaultValue<wchar_t>::Get());
#endif
#endif
    EXPECT_EQ(0U, BuiltInDefaultValue<unsigned short>::Get()); // NOLINT
    EXPECT_EQ(0, BuiltInDefaultValue<signed short>::Get()); // NOLINT
    EXPECT_EQ(0, BuiltInDefaultValue<short>::Get()); // NOLINT
    EXPECT_EQ(0U, BuiltInDefaultValue<unsigned int>::Get());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, BuiltInDefaultValue<signed int>::Get());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, BuiltInDefaultValue<int>::Get());
    EXPECT_EQ(0U, BuiltInDefaultValue<unsigned long>::Get()); // NOLINT
    EXPECT_EQ(0, BuiltInDefaultValue<signed long>::Get()); // NOLINT
    EXPECT_EQ(0, BuiltInDefaultValue<long>::Get()); // NOLINT
    EXPECT_EQ(0U, BuiltInDefaultValue<unsigned long long>::Get()); // NOLINT
    EXPECT_EQ(0, BuiltInDefaultValue<signed long long>::Get()); // NOLINT
    EXPECT_EQ(0, BuiltInDefaultValue<long long>::Get()); // NOLINT
    EXPECT_EQ(0, BuiltInDefaultValue<float>::Get());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, BuiltInDefaultValue<double>::Get());
}

// Tests that BuiltInDefaultValue<T>::Exists() returns true when T is a
// built-in numeric type.
TEST(BuiltInDefaultValueTest, ExistsForNumericTypes)
{
    EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<unsigned char>::Exists());
    EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<signed char>::Exists());
    EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<char>::Exists());
#if GMOCK_WCHAR_T_IS_NATIVE_
    EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<wchar_t>::Exists());
#endif
    EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<unsigned short>::Exists()); // NOLINT
    EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<signed short>::Exists()); // NOLINT
    EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<short>::Exists()); // NOLINT
    EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<unsigned int>::Exists());
    EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<signed int>::Exists());
    EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<int>::Exists());
    EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<unsigned long>::Exists()); // NOLINT
    EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<signed long>::Exists()); // NOLINT
    EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<long>::Exists()); // NOLINT
    EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<unsigned long long>::Exists()); // NOLINT
    EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<signed long long>::Exists()); // NOLINT
    EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<long long>::Exists()); // NOLINT
    EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<float>::Exists());
    EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<double>::Exists());
}

// Tests that BuiltInDefaultValue<bool>::Get() returns false.
TEST(BuiltInDefaultValueTest, IsFalseForBool)
{
    EXPECT_FALSE(BuiltInDefaultValue<bool>::Get());
}

// Tests that BuiltInDefaultValue<bool>::Exists() returns true.
TEST(BuiltInDefaultValueTest, BoolExists)
{
    EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<bool>::Exists());
}

// Tests that BuiltInDefaultValue<T>::Get() returns "" when T is a
// string type.
TEST(BuiltInDefaultValueTest, IsEmptyStringForString)
{
    EXPECT_EQ("", BuiltInDefaultValue<::std::string>::Get());
}

// Tests that BuiltInDefaultValue<T>::Exists() returns true when T is a
// string type.
TEST(BuiltInDefaultValueTest, ExistsForString)
{
    EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<::std::string>::Exists());
}

// Tests that BuiltInDefaultValue<const T>::Get() returns the same
// value as BuiltInDefaultValue<T>::Get() does.
TEST(BuiltInDefaultValueTest, WorksForConstTypes)
{
    EXPECT_EQ("", BuiltInDefaultValue<const std::string>::Get());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, BuiltInDefaultValue<const int>::Get());
    EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<char *const>::Get() == nullptr);
    EXPECT_FALSE(BuiltInDefaultValue<const bool>::Get());
}

// A type that's default constructible.
class MyDefaultConstructible
{
public:
    MyDefaultConstructible()
        : value_(42)
    {
    }

    int value() const { return value_; }

private:
    int value_;
};

// A type that's not default constructible.
class MyNonDefaultConstructible
{
public:
    // Does not have a default ctor.
    explicit MyNonDefaultConstructible(int a_value)
        : value_(a_value)
    {
    }

    int value() const { return value_; }

private:
    int value_;
};

TEST(BuiltInDefaultValueTest, ExistsForDefaultConstructibleType)
{
    EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<MyDefaultConstructible>::Exists());
}

TEST(BuiltInDefaultValueTest, IsDefaultConstructedForDefaultConstructibleType)
{
    EXPECT_EQ(42, BuiltInDefaultValue<MyDefaultConstructible>::Get().value());
}

TEST(BuiltInDefaultValueTest, DoesNotExistForNonDefaultConstructibleType)
{
    EXPECT_FALSE(BuiltInDefaultValue<MyNonDefaultConstructible>::Exists());
}

// Tests that BuiltInDefaultValue<T&>::Get() aborts the program.
TEST(BuiltInDefaultValueDeathTest, IsUndefinedForReferences)
{
    EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED({
        BuiltInDefaultValue<int &>::Get();
    },
                              "");
    EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED({
        BuiltInDefaultValue<const char &>::Get();
    },
                              "");
}

TEST(BuiltInDefaultValueDeathTest, IsUndefinedForNonDefaultConstructibleType)
{
    EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED({
        BuiltInDefaultValue<MyNonDefaultConstructible>::Get();
    },
                              "");
}

// Tests that DefaultValue<T>::IsSet() is false initially.
TEST(DefaultValueTest, IsInitiallyUnset)
{
    EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<int>::IsSet());
    EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<MyDefaultConstructible>::IsSet());
    EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<const MyNonDefaultConstructible>::IsSet());
}

// Tests that DefaultValue<T> can be set and then unset.
TEST(DefaultValueTest, CanBeSetAndUnset)
{
    EXPECT_TRUE(DefaultValue<int>::Exists());
    EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<const MyNonDefaultConstructible>::Exists());

    DefaultValue<int>::Set(1);
    DefaultValue<const MyNonDefaultConstructible>::Set(
        MyNonDefaultConstructible(42));

    EXPECT_EQ(1, DefaultValue<int>::Get());
    EXPECT_EQ(42, DefaultValue<const MyNonDefaultConstructible>::Get().value());

    EXPECT_TRUE(DefaultValue<int>::Exists());
    EXPECT_TRUE(DefaultValue<const MyNonDefaultConstructible>::Exists());

    DefaultValue<int>::Clear();
    DefaultValue<const MyNonDefaultConstructible>::Clear();

    EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<int>::IsSet());
    EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<const MyNonDefaultConstructible>::IsSet());

    EXPECT_TRUE(DefaultValue<int>::Exists());
    EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<const MyNonDefaultConstructible>::Exists());
}

// Tests that DefaultValue<T>::Get() returns the
// BuiltInDefaultValue<T>::Get() when DefaultValue<T>::IsSet() is
// false.
TEST(DefaultValueDeathTest, GetReturnsBuiltInDefaultValueWhenUnset)
{
    EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<int>::IsSet());
    EXPECT_TRUE(DefaultValue<int>::Exists());
    EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<MyNonDefaultConstructible>::IsSet());
    EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<MyNonDefaultConstructible>::Exists());

    EXPECT_EQ(0, DefaultValue<int>::Get());

    EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED({
        DefaultValue<MyNonDefaultConstructible>::Get();
    },
                              "");
}

TEST(DefaultValueTest, GetWorksForMoveOnlyIfSet)
{
    EXPECT_TRUE(DefaultValue<std::unique_ptr<int>>::Exists());
    EXPECT_TRUE(DefaultValue<std::unique_ptr<int>>::Get() == nullptr);
    DefaultValue<std::unique_ptr<int>>::SetFactory([] {
        return std::unique_ptr<int>(new int(42));
    });
    EXPECT_TRUE(DefaultValue<std::unique_ptr<int>>::Exists());
    std::unique_ptr<int> i = DefaultValue<std::unique_ptr<int>>::Get();
    EXPECT_EQ(42, *i);
}

// Tests that DefaultValue<void>::Get() returns void.
TEST(DefaultValueTest, GetWorksForVoid)
{
    return DefaultValue<void>::Get();
}

// Tests using DefaultValue with a reference type.

// Tests that DefaultValue<T&>::IsSet() is false initially.
TEST(DefaultValueOfReferenceTest, IsInitiallyUnset)
{
    EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<int &>::IsSet());
    EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<MyDefaultConstructible &>::IsSet());
    EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<MyNonDefaultConstructible &>::IsSet());
}

// Tests that DefaultValue<T&>::Exists is false initiallly.
TEST(DefaultValueOfReferenceTest, IsInitiallyNotExisting)
{
    EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<int &>::Exists());
    EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<MyDefaultConstructible &>::Exists());
    EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<MyNonDefaultConstructible &>::Exists());
}

// Tests that DefaultValue<T&> can be set and then unset.
TEST(DefaultValueOfReferenceTest, CanBeSetAndUnset)
{
    int n = 1;
    DefaultValue<const int &>::Set(n);
    MyNonDefaultConstructible x(42);
    DefaultValue<MyNonDefaultConstructible &>::Set(x);

    EXPECT_TRUE(DefaultValue<const int &>::Exists());
    EXPECT_TRUE(DefaultValue<MyNonDefaultConstructible &>::Exists());

    EXPECT_EQ(&n, &(DefaultValue<const int &>::Get()));
    EXPECT_EQ(&x, &(DefaultValue<MyNonDefaultConstructible &>::Get()));

    DefaultValue<const int &>::Clear();
    DefaultValue<MyNonDefaultConstructible &>::Clear();

    EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<const int &>::Exists());
    EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<MyNonDefaultConstructible &>::Exists());

    EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<const int &>::IsSet());
    EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<MyNonDefaultConstructible &>::IsSet());
}

// Tests that DefaultValue<T&>::Get() returns the
// BuiltInDefaultValue<T&>::Get() when DefaultValue<T&>::IsSet() is
// false.
TEST(DefaultValueOfReferenceDeathTest, GetReturnsBuiltInDefaultValueWhenUnset)
{
    EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<int &>::IsSet());
    EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<MyNonDefaultConstructible &>::IsSet());

    EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED({
        DefaultValue<int &>::Get();
    },
                              "");
    EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED({
        DefaultValue<MyNonDefaultConstructible>::Get();
    },
                              "");
}

// Tests that ActionInterface can be implemented by defining the
// Perform method.

typedef int MyGlobalFunction(bool, int);

class MyActionImpl : public ActionInterface<MyGlobalFunction>
{
public:
    int Perform(const std::tuple<bool, int> &args) override
    {
        return std::get<0>(args) ? std::get<1>(args) : 0;
    }
};

TEST(ActionInterfaceTest, CanBeImplementedByDefiningPerform)
{
    MyActionImpl my_action_impl;
    (void)my_action_impl;
}

TEST(ActionInterfaceTest, MakeAction)
{
    Action<MyGlobalFunction> action = MakeAction(new MyActionImpl);

    // When exercising the Perform() method of Action<F>, we must pass
    // it a tuple whose size and type are compatible with F's argument
    // types.  For example, if F is int(), then Perform() takes a
    // 0-tuple; if F is void(bool, int), then Perform() takes a
    // std::tuple<bool, int>, and so on.
    EXPECT_EQ(5, action.Perform(std::make_tuple(true, 5)));
}

// Tests that Action<F> can be contructed from a pointer to
// ActionInterface<F>.
TEST(ActionTest, CanBeConstructedFromActionInterface)
{
    Action<MyGlobalFunction> action(new MyActionImpl);
}

// Tests that Action<F> delegates actual work to ActionInterface<F>.
TEST(ActionTest, DelegatesWorkToActionInterface)
{
    const Action<MyGlobalFunction> action(new MyActionImpl);

    EXPECT_EQ(5, action.Perform(std::make_tuple(true, 5)));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, action.Perform(std::make_tuple(false, 1)));
}

// Tests that Action<F> can be copied.
TEST(ActionTest, IsCopyable)
{
    Action<MyGlobalFunction> a1(new MyActionImpl);
    Action<MyGlobalFunction> a2(a1); // Tests the copy constructor.

    // a1 should continue to work after being copied from.
    EXPECT_EQ(5, a1.Perform(std::make_tuple(true, 5)));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, a1.Perform(std::make_tuple(false, 1)));

    // a2 should work like the action it was copied from.
    EXPECT_EQ(5, a2.Perform(std::make_tuple(true, 5)));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, a2.Perform(std::make_tuple(false, 1)));

    a2 = a1; // Tests the assignment operator.

    // a1 should continue to work after being copied from.
    EXPECT_EQ(5, a1.Perform(std::make_tuple(true, 5)));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, a1.Perform(std::make_tuple(false, 1)));

    // a2 should work like the action it was copied from.
    EXPECT_EQ(5, a2.Perform(std::make_tuple(true, 5)));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, a2.Perform(std::make_tuple(false, 1)));
}

// Tests that an Action<From> object can be converted to a
// compatible Action<To> object.

class IsNotZero : public ActionInterface<bool(int)>
{ // NOLINT
public:
    bool Perform(const std::tuple<int> &arg) override
    {
        return std::get<0>(arg) != 0;
    }
};

TEST(ActionTest, CanBeConvertedToOtherActionType)
{
    const Action<bool(int)> a1(new IsNotZero); // NOLINT
    const Action<int(char)> a2 = Action<int(char)>(a1); // NOLINT
    EXPECT_EQ(1, a2.Perform(std::make_tuple('a')));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, a2.Perform(std::make_tuple('\0')));
}

// The following two classes are for testing MakePolymorphicAction().

// Implements a polymorphic action that returns the second of the
// arguments it receives.
class ReturnSecondArgumentAction
{
public:
    // We want to verify that MakePolymorphicAction() can work with a
    // polymorphic action whose Perform() method template is either
    // const or not.  This lets us verify the non-const case.
    template<typename Result, typename ArgumentTuple>
    Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple &args)
    {
        return std::get<1>(args);
    }
};

// Implements a polymorphic action that can be used in a nullary
// function to return 0.
class ReturnZeroFromNullaryFunctionAction
{
public:
    // For testing that MakePolymorphicAction() works when the
    // implementation class' Perform() method template takes only one
    // template parameter.
    //
    // We want to verify that MakePolymorphicAction() can work with a
    // polymorphic action whose Perform() method template is either
    // const or not.  This lets us verify the const case.
    template<typename Result>
    Result Perform(const std::tuple<> &) const
    {
        return 0;
    }
};

// These functions verify that MakePolymorphicAction() returns a
// PolymorphicAction<T> where T is the argument's type.

PolymorphicAction<ReturnSecondArgumentAction> ReturnSecondArgument()
{
    return MakePolymorphicAction(ReturnSecondArgumentAction());
}

PolymorphicAction<ReturnZeroFromNullaryFunctionAction>
ReturnZeroFromNullaryFunction()
{
    return MakePolymorphicAction(ReturnZeroFromNullaryFunctionAction());
}

// Tests that MakePolymorphicAction() turns a polymorphic action
// implementation class into a polymorphic action.
TEST(MakePolymorphicActionTest, ConstructsActionFromImpl)
{
    Action<int(bool, int, double)> a1 = ReturnSecondArgument(); // NOLINT
    EXPECT_EQ(5, a1.Perform(std::make_tuple(false, 5, 2.0)));
}

// Tests that MakePolymorphicAction() works when the implementation
// class' Perform() method template has only one template parameter.
TEST(MakePolymorphicActionTest, WorksWhenPerformHasOneTemplateParameter)
{
    Action<int()> a1 = ReturnZeroFromNullaryFunction();
    EXPECT_EQ(0, a1.Perform(std::make_tuple()));

    Action<void *()> a2 = ReturnZeroFromNullaryFunction();
    EXPECT_TRUE(a2.Perform(std::make_tuple()) == nullptr);
}

// Tests that Return() works as an action for void-returning
// functions.
TEST(ReturnTest, WorksForVoid)
{
    const Action<void(int)> ret = Return(); // NOLINT
    return ret.Perform(std::make_tuple(1));
}

// Tests that Return(v) returns v.
TEST(ReturnTest, ReturnsGivenValue)
{
    Action<int()> ret = Return(1); // NOLINT
    EXPECT_EQ(1, ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));

    ret = Return(-5);
    EXPECT_EQ(-5, ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
}

// Tests that Return("string literal") works.
TEST(ReturnTest, AcceptsStringLiteral)
{
    Action<const char *()> a1 = Return("Hello");
    EXPECT_STREQ("Hello", a1.Perform(std::make_tuple()));

    Action<std::string()> a2 = Return("world");
    EXPECT_EQ("world", a2.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
}

// Test struct which wraps a vector of integers. Used in
// 'SupportsWrapperReturnType' test.
struct IntegerVectorWrapper {
    std::vector<int> *v;
    IntegerVectorWrapper(std::vector<int> &_v)
        : v(&_v)
    {
    } // NOLINT
};

// Tests that Return() works when return type is a wrapper type.
TEST(ReturnTest, SupportsWrapperReturnType)
{
    // Initialize vector of integers.
    std::vector<int> v;
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
        v.push_back(i);

    // Return() called with 'v' as argument. The Action will return the same data
    // as 'v' (copy) but it will be wrapped in an IntegerVectorWrapper.
    Action<IntegerVectorWrapper()> a = Return(v);
    const std::vector<int> &result = *(a.Perform(std::make_tuple()).v);
    EXPECT_THAT(result, ::testing::ElementsAre(0, 1, 2, 3, 4));
}

// Tests that Return(v) is covaraint.

struct Base {
    bool operator==(const Base &) { return true; }
};

struct Derived : public Base {
    bool operator==(const Derived &) { return true; }
};

TEST(ReturnTest, IsCovariant)
{
    Base base;
    Derived derived;
    Action<Base *()> ret = Return(&base);
    EXPECT_EQ(&base, ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));

    ret = Return(&derived);
    EXPECT_EQ(&derived, ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
}

// Tests that the type of the value passed into Return is converted into T
// when the action is cast to Action<T(...)> rather than when the action is
// performed. See comments on testing::internal::ReturnAction in
// gmock-actions.h for more information.
class FromType
{
public:
    explicit FromType(bool *is_converted)
        : converted_(is_converted)
    {
    }
    bool *converted() const { return converted_; }

private:
    bool *const converted_;
};

class ToType
{
public:
    // Must allow implicit conversion due to use in ImplicitCast_<T>.
    ToType(const FromType &x) { *x.converted() = true; } // NOLINT
};

TEST(ReturnTest, ConvertsArgumentWhenConverted)
{
    bool converted = false;
    FromType x(&converted);
    Action<ToType()> action(Return(x));
    EXPECT_TRUE(converted) << "Return must convert its argument in its own "
                           << "conversion operator.";
    converted = false;
    action.Perform(std::tuple<>());
    EXPECT_FALSE(converted) << "Action must NOT convert its argument "
                            << "when performed.";
}

class DestinationType
{
};

class SourceType
{
public:
    // Note: a non-const typecast operator.
    operator DestinationType() { return DestinationType(); }
};

TEST(ReturnTest, CanConvertArgumentUsingNonConstTypeCastOperator)
{
    SourceType s;
    Action<DestinationType()> action(Return(s));
}

// Tests that ReturnNull() returns NULL in a pointer-returning function.
TEST(ReturnNullTest, WorksInPointerReturningFunction)
{
    const Action<int *()> a1 = ReturnNull();
    EXPECT_TRUE(a1.Perform(std::make_tuple()) == nullptr);

    const Action<const char *(bool)> a2 = ReturnNull(); // NOLINT
    EXPECT_TRUE(a2.Perform(std::make_tuple(true)) == nullptr);
}

// Tests that ReturnNull() returns NULL for shared_ptr and unique_ptr returning
// functions.
TEST(ReturnNullTest, WorksInSmartPointerReturningFunction)
{
    const Action<std::unique_ptr<const int>()> a1 = ReturnNull();
    EXPECT_TRUE(a1.Perform(std::make_tuple()) == nullptr);

    const Action<std::shared_ptr<int>(std::string)> a2 = ReturnNull();
    EXPECT_TRUE(a2.Perform(std::make_tuple("foo")) == nullptr);
}

// Tests that ReturnRef(v) works for reference types.
TEST(ReturnRefTest, WorksForReference)
{
    const int n = 0;
    const Action<const int &(bool)> ret = ReturnRef(n); // NOLINT

    EXPECT_EQ(&n, &ret.Perform(std::make_tuple(true)));
}

// Tests that ReturnRef(v) is covariant.
TEST(ReturnRefTest, IsCovariant)
{
    Base base;
    Derived derived;
    Action<Base &()> a = ReturnRef(base);
    EXPECT_EQ(&base, &a.Perform(std::make_tuple()));

    a = ReturnRef(derived);
    EXPECT_EQ(&derived, &a.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
}

template<typename T, typename = decltype(ReturnRef(std::declval<T &&>()))>
bool CanCallReturnRef(T &&)
{
    return true;
}
bool CanCallReturnRef(Unused)
{
    return false;
}

// Tests that ReturnRef(v) is working with non-temporaries (T&)
TEST(ReturnRefTest, WorksForNonTemporary)
{
    int scalar_value = 123;
    EXPECT_TRUE(CanCallReturnRef(scalar_value));

    std::string non_scalar_value("ABC");
    EXPECT_TRUE(CanCallReturnRef(non_scalar_value));

    const int const_scalar_value {321};
    EXPECT_TRUE(CanCallReturnRef(const_scalar_value));

    const std::string const_non_scalar_value("CBA");
    EXPECT_TRUE(CanCallReturnRef(const_non_scalar_value));
}

// Tests that ReturnRef(v) is not working with temporaries (T&&)
TEST(ReturnRefTest, DoesNotWorkForTemporary)
{
    auto scalar_value = []() -> int { return 123; };
    EXPECT_FALSE(CanCallReturnRef(scalar_value()));

    auto non_scalar_value = []() -> std::string { return "ABC"; };
    EXPECT_FALSE(CanCallReturnRef(non_scalar_value()));

    // cannot use here callable returning "const scalar type",
    // because such const for scalar return type is ignored
    EXPECT_FALSE(CanCallReturnRef(static_cast<const int>(321)));

    auto const_non_scalar_value = []() -> const std::string { return "CBA"; };
    EXPECT_FALSE(CanCallReturnRef(const_non_scalar_value()));
}

// Tests that ReturnRefOfCopy(v) works for reference types.
TEST(ReturnRefOfCopyTest, WorksForReference)
{
    int n = 42;
    const Action<const int &()> ret = ReturnRefOfCopy(n);

    EXPECT_NE(&n, &ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
    EXPECT_EQ(42, ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));

    n = 43;
    EXPECT_NE(&n, &ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
    EXPECT_EQ(42, ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
}

// Tests that ReturnRefOfCopy(v) is covariant.
TEST(ReturnRefOfCopyTest, IsCovariant)
{
    Base base;
    Derived derived;
    Action<Base &()> a = ReturnRefOfCopy(base);
    EXPECT_NE(&base, &a.Perform(std::make_tuple()));

    a = ReturnRefOfCopy(derived);
    EXPECT_NE(&derived, &a.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
}

// Tests that ReturnRoundRobin(v) works with initializer lists
TEST(ReturnRoundRobinTest, WorksForInitList)
{
    Action<int()> ret = ReturnRoundRobin({1, 2, 3});

    EXPECT_EQ(1, ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
    EXPECT_EQ(2, ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
    EXPECT_EQ(3, ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
    EXPECT_EQ(1, ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
    EXPECT_EQ(2, ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
    EXPECT_EQ(3, ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
}

// Tests that ReturnRoundRobin(v) works with vectors
TEST(ReturnRoundRobinTest, WorksForVector)
{
    std::vector<double> v = {4.4, 5.5, 6.6};
    Action<double()> ret = ReturnRoundRobin(v);

    EXPECT_EQ(4.4, ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
    EXPECT_EQ(5.5, ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
    EXPECT_EQ(6.6, ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
    EXPECT_EQ(4.4, ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
    EXPECT_EQ(5.5, ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
    EXPECT_EQ(6.6, ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
}

// Tests that DoDefault() does the default action for the mock method.

class MockClass
{
public:
    MockClass() {}

    MOCK_METHOD1(IntFunc, int(bool flag)); // NOLINT
    MOCK_METHOD0(Foo, MyNonDefaultConstructible());
    MOCK_METHOD0(MakeUnique, std::unique_ptr<int>());
    MOCK_METHOD0(MakeUniqueBase, std::unique_ptr<Base>());
    MOCK_METHOD0(MakeVectorUnique, std::vector<std::unique_ptr<int>>());
    MOCK_METHOD1(TakeUnique, int(std::unique_ptr<int>));
    MOCK_METHOD2(TakeUnique,
                 int(const std::unique_ptr<int> &, std::unique_ptr<int>));

private:
    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(MockClass);
};

// Tests that DoDefault() returns the built-in default value for the
// return type by default.
TEST(DoDefaultTest, ReturnsBuiltInDefaultValueByDefault)
{
    MockClass mock;
    EXPECT_CALL(mock, IntFunc(_))
        .WillOnce(DoDefault());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, mock.IntFunc(true));
}

// Tests that DoDefault() throws (when exceptions are enabled) or aborts
// the process when there is no built-in default value for the return type.
TEST(DoDefaultDeathTest, DiesForUnknowType)
{
    MockClass mock;
    EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo())
        .WillRepeatedly(DoDefault());
#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
    EXPECT_ANY_THROW(mock.Foo());
#else
    EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED({
        mock.Foo();
    },
                              "");
#endif
}

// Tests that using DoDefault() inside a composite action leads to a
// run-time error.

void VoidFunc(bool /* flag */)
{
}

TEST(DoDefaultDeathTest, DiesIfUsedInCompositeAction)
{
    MockClass mock;
    EXPECT_CALL(mock, IntFunc(_))
        .WillRepeatedly(DoAll(Invoke(VoidFunc),
                              DoDefault()));

    // Ideally we should verify the error message as well.  Sadly,
    // EXPECT_DEATH() can only capture stderr, while Google Mock's
    // errors are printed on stdout.  Therefore we have to settle for
    // not verifying the message.
    EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED({
        mock.IntFunc(true);
    },
                              "");
}

// Tests that DoDefault() returns the default value set by
// DefaultValue<T>::Set() when it's not overriden by an ON_CALL().
TEST(DoDefaultTest, ReturnsUserSpecifiedPerTypeDefaultValueWhenThereIsOne)
{
    DefaultValue<int>::Set(1);
    MockClass mock;
    EXPECT_CALL(mock, IntFunc(_))
        .WillOnce(DoDefault());
    EXPECT_EQ(1, mock.IntFunc(false));
    DefaultValue<int>::Clear();
}

// Tests that DoDefault() does the action specified by ON_CALL().
TEST(DoDefaultTest, DoesWhatOnCallSpecifies)
{
    MockClass mock;
    ON_CALL(mock, IntFunc(_))
        .WillByDefault(Return(2));
    EXPECT_CALL(mock, IntFunc(_))
        .WillOnce(DoDefault());
    EXPECT_EQ(2, mock.IntFunc(false));
}

// Tests that using DoDefault() in ON_CALL() leads to a run-time failure.
TEST(DoDefaultTest, CannotBeUsedInOnCall)
{
    MockClass mock;
    EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({ // NOLINT
        ON_CALL(mock, IntFunc(_))
            .WillByDefault(DoDefault());
    },
                            "DoDefault() cannot be used in ON_CALL()");
}

// Tests that SetArgPointee<N>(v) sets the variable pointed to by
// the N-th (0-based) argument to v.
TEST(SetArgPointeeTest, SetsTheNthPointee)
{
    typedef void MyFunction(bool, int *, char *);
    Action<MyFunction> a = SetArgPointee<1>(2);

    int n = 0;
    char ch = '\0';
    a.Perform(std::make_tuple(true, &n, &ch));
    EXPECT_EQ(2, n);
    EXPECT_EQ('\0', ch);

    a = SetArgPointee<2>('a');
    n = 0;
    ch = '\0';
    a.Perform(std::make_tuple(true, &n, &ch));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, n);
    EXPECT_EQ('a', ch);
}

// Tests that SetArgPointee<N>() accepts a string literal.
TEST(SetArgPointeeTest, AcceptsStringLiteral)
{
    typedef void MyFunction(std::string *, const char **);
    Action<MyFunction> a = SetArgPointee<0>("hi");
    std::string str;
    const char *ptr = nullptr;
    a.Perform(std::make_tuple(&str, &ptr));
    EXPECT_EQ("hi", str);
    EXPECT_TRUE(ptr == nullptr);

    a = SetArgPointee<1>("world");
    str = "";
    a.Perform(std::make_tuple(&str, &ptr));
    EXPECT_EQ("", str);
    EXPECT_STREQ("world", ptr);
}

TEST(SetArgPointeeTest, AcceptsWideStringLiteral)
{
    typedef void MyFunction(const wchar_t **);
    Action<MyFunction> a = SetArgPointee<0>(L"world");
    const wchar_t *ptr = nullptr;
    a.Perform(std::make_tuple(&ptr));
    EXPECT_STREQ(L"world", ptr);

#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING

    typedef void MyStringFunction(std::wstring *);
    Action<MyStringFunction> a2 = SetArgPointee<0>(L"world");
    std::wstring str = L"";
    a2.Perform(std::make_tuple(&str));
    EXPECT_EQ(L"world", str);

#endif
}

// Tests that SetArgPointee<N>() accepts a char pointer.
TEST(SetArgPointeeTest, AcceptsCharPointer)
{
    typedef void MyFunction(bool, std::string *, const char **);
    const char *const hi = "hi";
    Action<MyFunction> a = SetArgPointee<1>(hi);
    std::string str;
    const char *ptr = nullptr;
    a.Perform(std::make_tuple(true, &str, &ptr));
    EXPECT_EQ("hi", str);
    EXPECT_TRUE(ptr == nullptr);

    char world_array[] = "world";
    char *const world = world_array;
    a = SetArgPointee<2>(world);
    str = "";
    a.Perform(std::make_tuple(true, &str, &ptr));
    EXPECT_EQ("", str);
    EXPECT_EQ(world, ptr);
}

TEST(SetArgPointeeTest, AcceptsWideCharPointer)
{
    typedef void MyFunction(bool, const wchar_t **);
    const wchar_t *const hi = L"hi";
    Action<MyFunction> a = SetArgPointee<1>(hi);
    const wchar_t *ptr = nullptr;
    a.Perform(std::make_tuple(true, &ptr));
    EXPECT_EQ(hi, ptr);

#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING

    typedef void MyStringFunction(bool, std::wstring *);
    wchar_t world_array[] = L"world";
    wchar_t *const world = world_array;
    Action<MyStringFunction> a2 = SetArgPointee<1>(world);
    std::wstring str;
    a2.Perform(std::make_tuple(true, &str));
    EXPECT_EQ(world_array, str);
#endif
}

// Tests that SetArgumentPointee<N>(v) sets the variable pointed to by
// the N-th (0-based) argument to v.
TEST(SetArgumentPointeeTest, SetsTheNthPointee)
{
    typedef void MyFunction(bool, int *, char *);
    Action<MyFunction> a = SetArgumentPointee<1>(2);

    int n = 0;
    char ch = '\0';
    a.Perform(std::make_tuple(true, &n, &ch));
    EXPECT_EQ(2, n);
    EXPECT_EQ('\0', ch);

    a = SetArgumentPointee<2>('a');
    n = 0;
    ch = '\0';
    a.Perform(std::make_tuple(true, &n, &ch));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, n);
    EXPECT_EQ('a', ch);
}

// Sample functions and functors for testing Invoke() and etc.
int Nullary()
{
    return 1;
}

class NullaryFunctor
{
public:
    int operator()() { return 2; }
};

bool g_done = false;
void VoidNullary()
{
    g_done = true;
}

class VoidNullaryFunctor
{
public:
    void operator()() { g_done = true; }
};

short Short(short n)
{
    return n;
} // NOLINT
char Char(char ch)
{
    return ch;
}

const char *CharPtr(const char *s)
{
    return s;
}

bool Unary(int x)
{
    return x < 0;
}

const char *Binary(const char *input, short n)
{
    return input + n;
} // NOLINT

void VoidBinary(int, char)
{
    g_done = true;
}

int Ternary(int x, char y, short z)
{
    return x + y + z;
} // NOLINT

int SumOf4(int a, int b, int c, int d)
{
    return a + b + c + d;
}

class Foo
{
public:
    Foo()
        : value_(123)
    {
    }

    int Nullary() const { return value_; }

private:
    int value_;
};

// Tests InvokeWithoutArgs(function).
TEST(InvokeWithoutArgsTest, Function)
{
    // As an action that takes one argument.
    Action<int(int)> a = InvokeWithoutArgs(Nullary); // NOLINT
    EXPECT_EQ(1, a.Perform(std::make_tuple(2)));

    // As an action that takes two arguments.
    Action<int(int, double)> a2 = InvokeWithoutArgs(Nullary); // NOLINT
    EXPECT_EQ(1, a2.Perform(std::make_tuple(2, 3.5)));

    // As an action that returns void.
    Action<void(int)> a3 = InvokeWithoutArgs(VoidNullary); // NOLINT
    g_done = false;
    a3.Perform(std::make_tuple(1));
    EXPECT_TRUE(g_done);
}

// Tests InvokeWithoutArgs(functor).
TEST(InvokeWithoutArgsTest, Functor)
{
    // As an action that takes no argument.
    Action<int()> a = InvokeWithoutArgs(NullaryFunctor()); // NOLINT
    EXPECT_EQ(2, a.Perform(std::make_tuple()));

    // As an action that takes three arguments.
    Action<int(int, double, char)> a2 = // NOLINT
        InvokeWithoutArgs(NullaryFunctor());
    EXPECT_EQ(2, a2.Perform(std::make_tuple(3, 3.5, 'a')));

    // As an action that returns void.
    Action<void()> a3 = InvokeWithoutArgs(VoidNullaryFunctor());
    g_done = false;
    a3.Perform(std::make_tuple());
    EXPECT_TRUE(g_done);
}

// Tests InvokeWithoutArgs(obj_ptr, method).
TEST(InvokeWithoutArgsTest, Method)
{
    Foo foo;
    Action<int(bool, char)> a = // NOLINT
        InvokeWithoutArgs(&foo, &Foo::Nullary);
    EXPECT_EQ(123, a.Perform(std::make_tuple(true, 'a')));
}

// Tests using IgnoreResult() on a polymorphic action.
TEST(IgnoreResultTest, PolymorphicAction)
{
    Action<void(int)> a = IgnoreResult(Return(5)); // NOLINT
    a.Perform(std::make_tuple(1));
}

// Tests using IgnoreResult() on a monomorphic action.

int ReturnOne()
{
    g_done = true;
    return 1;
}

TEST(IgnoreResultTest, MonomorphicAction)
{
    g_done = false;
    Action<void()> a = IgnoreResult(Invoke(ReturnOne));
    a.Perform(std::make_tuple());
    EXPECT_TRUE(g_done);
}

// Tests using IgnoreResult() on an action that returns a class type.

MyNonDefaultConstructible ReturnMyNonDefaultConstructible(double /* x */)
{
    g_done = true;
    return MyNonDefaultConstructible(42);
}

TEST(IgnoreResultTest, ActionReturningClass)
{
    g_done = false;
    Action<void(int)> a =
        IgnoreResult(Invoke(ReturnMyNonDefaultConstructible)); // NOLINT
    a.Perform(std::make_tuple(2));
    EXPECT_TRUE(g_done);
}

TEST(AssignTest, Int)
{
    int x = 0;
    Action<void(int)> a = Assign(&x, 5);
    a.Perform(std::make_tuple(0));
    EXPECT_EQ(5, x);
}

TEST(AssignTest, String)
{
    ::std::string x;
    Action<void(void)> a = Assign(&x, "Hello, world");
    a.Perform(std::make_tuple());
    EXPECT_EQ("Hello, world", x);
}

TEST(AssignTest, CompatibleTypes)
{
    double x = 0;
    Action<void(int)> a = Assign(&x, 5);
    a.Perform(std::make_tuple(0));
    EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(5, x);
}

// Tests using WithArgs and with an action that takes 1 argument.
TEST(WithArgsTest, OneArg)
{
    Action<bool(double x, int n)> a = WithArgs<1>(Invoke(Unary)); // NOLINT
    EXPECT_TRUE(a.Perform(std::make_tuple(1.5, -1)));
    EXPECT_FALSE(a.Perform(std::make_tuple(1.5, 1)));
}

// Tests using WithArgs with an action that takes 2 arguments.
TEST(WithArgsTest, TwoArgs)
{
    Action<const char *(const char *s, double x, short n)> a = // NOLINT
        WithArgs<0, 2>(Invoke(Binary));
    const char s[] = "Hello";
    EXPECT_EQ(s + 2, a.Perform(std::make_tuple(CharPtr(s), 0.5, Short(2))));
}

struct ConcatAll {
    std::string operator()() const { return {}; }
    template<typename... I>
    std::string operator()(const char *a, I... i) const
    {
        return a + ConcatAll()(i...);
    }
};

// Tests using WithArgs with an action that takes 10 arguments.
TEST(WithArgsTest, TenArgs)
{
    Action<std::string(const char *, const char *, const char *, const char *)> a =
        WithArgs<0, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3>(Invoke(ConcatAll {}));
    EXPECT_EQ("0123210123",
              a.Perform(std::make_tuple(CharPtr("0"), CharPtr("1"), CharPtr("2"),
                                        CharPtr("3"))));
}

// Tests using WithArgs with an action that is not Invoke().
class SubtractAction : public ActionInterface<int(int, int)>
{
public:
    int Perform(const std::tuple<int, int> &args) override
    {
        return std::get<0>(args) - std::get<1>(args);
    }
};

TEST(WithArgsTest, NonInvokeAction)
{
    Action<int(const std::string &, int, int)> a =
        WithArgs<2, 1>(MakeAction(new SubtractAction));
    std::tuple<std::string, int, int> dummy =
        std::make_tuple(std::string("hi"), 2, 10);
    EXPECT_EQ(8, a.Perform(dummy));
}

// Tests using WithArgs to pass all original arguments in the original order.
TEST(WithArgsTest, Identity)
{
    Action<int(int x, char y, short z)> a = // NOLINT
        WithArgs<0, 1, 2>(Invoke(Ternary));
    EXPECT_EQ(123, a.Perform(std::make_tuple(100, Char(20), Short(3))));
}

// Tests using WithArgs with repeated arguments.
TEST(WithArgsTest, RepeatedArguments)
{
    Action<int(bool, int m, int n)> a = // NOLINT
        WithArgs<1, 1, 1, 1>(Invoke(SumOf4));
    EXPECT_EQ(4, a.Perform(std::make_tuple(false, 1, 10)));
}

// Tests using WithArgs with reversed argument order.
TEST(WithArgsTest, ReversedArgumentOrder)
{
    Action<const char *(short n, const char *input)> a = // NOLINT
        WithArgs<1, 0>(Invoke(Binary));
    const char s[] = "Hello";
    EXPECT_EQ(s + 2, a.Perform(std::make_tuple(Short(2), CharPtr(s))));
}

// Tests using WithArgs with compatible, but not identical, argument types.
TEST(WithArgsTest, ArgsOfCompatibleTypes)
{
    Action<long(short x, char y, double z, char c)> a = // NOLINT
        WithArgs<0, 1, 3>(Invoke(Ternary));
    EXPECT_EQ(123,
              a.Perform(std::make_tuple(Short(100), Char(20), 5.6, Char(3))));
}

// Tests using WithArgs with an action that returns void.
TEST(WithArgsTest, VoidAction)
{
    Action<void(double x, char c, int n)> a = WithArgs<2, 1>(Invoke(VoidBinary));
    g_done = false;
    a.Perform(std::make_tuple(1.5, 'a', 3));
    EXPECT_TRUE(g_done);
}

TEST(WithArgsTest, ReturnReference)
{
    Action<int &(int &, void *)> aa = WithArgs<0>([](int &a) -> int & { return a; });
    int i = 0;
    const int &res = aa.Perform(std::forward_as_tuple(i, nullptr));
    EXPECT_EQ(&i, &res);
}

TEST(WithArgsTest, InnerActionWithConversion)
{
    Action<Derived *()> inner = [] { return nullptr; };
    Action<Base *(double)> a = testing::WithoutArgs(inner);
    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, a.Perform(std::make_tuple(1.1)));
}

#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

class SetErrnoAndReturnTest : public testing::Test
{
protected:
    void SetUp() override { errno = 0; }
    void TearDown() override { errno = 0; }
};

TEST_F(SetErrnoAndReturnTest, Int)
{
    Action<int(void)> a = SetErrnoAndReturn(ENOTTY, -5);
    EXPECT_EQ(-5, a.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
    EXPECT_EQ(ENOTTY, errno);
}

TEST_F(SetErrnoAndReturnTest, Ptr)
{
    int x;
    Action<int *(void)> a = SetErrnoAndReturn(ENOTTY, &x);
    EXPECT_EQ(&x, a.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
    EXPECT_EQ(ENOTTY, errno);
}

TEST_F(SetErrnoAndReturnTest, CompatibleTypes)
{
    Action<double()> a = SetErrnoAndReturn(EINVAL, 5);
    EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(5.0, a.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
    EXPECT_EQ(EINVAL, errno);
}

#endif // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

// Tests ByRef().

// Tests that the result of ByRef() is copyable.
TEST(ByRefTest, IsCopyable)
{
    const std::string s1 = "Hi";
    const std::string s2 = "Hello";

    auto ref_wrapper = ByRef(s1);
    const std::string &r1 = ref_wrapper;
    EXPECT_EQ(&s1, &r1);

    // Assigns a new value to ref_wrapper.
    ref_wrapper = ByRef(s2);
    const std::string &r2 = ref_wrapper;
    EXPECT_EQ(&s2, &r2);

    auto ref_wrapper1 = ByRef(s1);
    // Copies ref_wrapper1 to ref_wrapper.
    ref_wrapper = ref_wrapper1;
    const std::string &r3 = ref_wrapper;
    EXPECT_EQ(&s1, &r3);
}

// Tests using ByRef() on a const value.
TEST(ByRefTest, ConstValue)
{
    const int n = 0;
    // int& ref = ByRef(n);  // This shouldn't compile - we have a
    // negative compilation test to catch it.
    const int &const_ref = ByRef(n);
    EXPECT_EQ(&n, &const_ref);
}

// Tests using ByRef() on a non-const value.
TEST(ByRefTest, NonConstValue)
{
    int n = 0;

    // ByRef(n) can be used as either an int&,
    int &ref = ByRef(n);
    EXPECT_EQ(&n, &ref);

    // or a const int&.
    const int &const_ref = ByRef(n);
    EXPECT_EQ(&n, &const_ref);
}

// Tests explicitly specifying the type when using ByRef().
TEST(ByRefTest, ExplicitType)
{
    int n = 0;
    const int &r1 = ByRef<const int>(n);
    EXPECT_EQ(&n, &r1);

    // ByRef<char>(n);  // This shouldn't compile - we have a negative
    // compilation test to catch it.

    Derived d;
    Derived &r2 = ByRef<Derived>(d);
    EXPECT_EQ(&d, &r2);

    const Derived &r3 = ByRef<const Derived>(d);
    EXPECT_EQ(&d, &r3);

    Base &r4 = ByRef<Base>(d);
    EXPECT_EQ(&d, &r4);

    const Base &r5 = ByRef<const Base>(d);
    EXPECT_EQ(&d, &r5);

    // The following shouldn't compile - we have a negative compilation
    // test for it.
    //
    // Base b;
    // ByRef<Derived>(b);
}

// Tests that Google Mock prints expression ByRef(x) as a reference to x.
TEST(ByRefTest, PrintsCorrectly)
{
    int n = 42;
    ::std::stringstream expected, actual;
    testing::internal::UniversalPrinter<const int &>::Print(n, &expected);
    testing::internal::UniversalPrint(ByRef(n), &actual);
    EXPECT_EQ(expected.str(), actual.str());
}

struct UnaryConstructorClass {
    explicit UnaryConstructorClass(int v)
        : value(v)
    {
    }
    int value;
};

// Tests using ReturnNew() with a unary constructor.
TEST(ReturnNewTest, Unary)
{
    Action<UnaryConstructorClass *()> a = ReturnNew<UnaryConstructorClass>(4000);
    UnaryConstructorClass *c = a.Perform(std::make_tuple());
    EXPECT_EQ(4000, c->value);
    delete c;
}

TEST(ReturnNewTest, UnaryWorksWhenMockMethodHasArgs)
{
    Action<UnaryConstructorClass *(bool, int)> a =
        ReturnNew<UnaryConstructorClass>(4000);
    UnaryConstructorClass *c = a.Perform(std::make_tuple(false, 5));
    EXPECT_EQ(4000, c->value);
    delete c;
}

TEST(ReturnNewTest, UnaryWorksWhenMockMethodReturnsPointerToConst)
{
    Action<const UnaryConstructorClass *()> a =
        ReturnNew<UnaryConstructorClass>(4000);
    const UnaryConstructorClass *c = a.Perform(std::make_tuple());
    EXPECT_EQ(4000, c->value);
    delete c;
}

class TenArgConstructorClass
{
public:
    TenArgConstructorClass(int a1, int a2, int a3, int a4, int a5, int a6, int a7,
                           int a8, int a9, int a10)
        : value_(a1 + a2 + a3 + a4 + a5 + a6 + a7 + a8 + a9 + a10)
    {
    }
    int value_;
};

// Tests using ReturnNew() with a 10-argument constructor.
TEST(ReturnNewTest, ConstructorThatTakes10Arguments)
{
    Action<TenArgConstructorClass *()> a = ReturnNew<TenArgConstructorClass>(
        1000000000, 200000000, 30000000, 4000000, 500000, 60000, 7000, 800, 90,
        0);
    TenArgConstructorClass *c = a.Perform(std::make_tuple());
    EXPECT_EQ(1234567890, c->value_);
    delete c;
}

std::unique_ptr<int> UniquePtrSource()
{
    return std::unique_ptr<int>(new int(19));
}

std::vector<std::unique_ptr<int>> VectorUniquePtrSource()
{
    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<int>> out;
    out.emplace_back(new int(7));
    return out;
}

TEST(MockMethodTest, CanReturnMoveOnlyValue_Return)
{
    MockClass mock;
    std::unique_ptr<int> i(new int(19));
    EXPECT_CALL(mock, MakeUnique()).WillOnce(Return(ByMove(std::move(i))));
    EXPECT_CALL(mock, MakeVectorUnique())
        .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(VectorUniquePtrSource())));
    Derived *d = new Derived;
    EXPECT_CALL(mock, MakeUniqueBase())
        .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(std::unique_ptr<Derived>(d))));

    std::unique_ptr<int> result1 = mock.MakeUnique();
    EXPECT_EQ(19, *result1);

    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<int>> vresult = mock.MakeVectorUnique();
    EXPECT_EQ(1u, vresult.size());
    EXPECT_NE(nullptr, vresult[0]);
    EXPECT_EQ(7, *vresult[0]);

    std::unique_ptr<Base> result2 = mock.MakeUniqueBase();
    EXPECT_EQ(d, result2.get());
}

TEST(MockMethodTest, CanReturnMoveOnlyValue_DoAllReturn)
{
    testing::MockFunction<void()> mock_function;
    MockClass mock;
    std::unique_ptr<int> i(new int(19));
    EXPECT_CALL(mock_function, Call());
    EXPECT_CALL(mock, MakeUnique()).WillOnce(DoAll(InvokeWithoutArgs(&mock_function, &testing::MockFunction<void()>::Call), Return(ByMove(std::move(i)))));

    std::unique_ptr<int> result1 = mock.MakeUnique();
    EXPECT_EQ(19, *result1);
}

TEST(MockMethodTest, CanReturnMoveOnlyValue_Invoke)
{
    MockClass mock;

    // Check default value
    DefaultValue<std::unique_ptr<int>>::SetFactory([] {
        return std::unique_ptr<int>(new int(42));
    });
    EXPECT_EQ(42, *mock.MakeUnique());

    EXPECT_CALL(mock, MakeUnique()).WillRepeatedly(Invoke(UniquePtrSource));
    EXPECT_CALL(mock, MakeVectorUnique())
        .WillRepeatedly(Invoke(VectorUniquePtrSource));
    std::unique_ptr<int> result1 = mock.MakeUnique();
    EXPECT_EQ(19, *result1);
    std::unique_ptr<int> result2 = mock.MakeUnique();
    EXPECT_EQ(19, *result2);
    EXPECT_NE(result1, result2);

    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<int>> vresult = mock.MakeVectorUnique();
    EXPECT_EQ(1u, vresult.size());
    EXPECT_NE(nullptr, vresult[0]);
    EXPECT_EQ(7, *vresult[0]);
}

TEST(MockMethodTest, CanTakeMoveOnlyValue)
{
    MockClass mock;
    auto make = [](int i) { return std::unique_ptr<int>(new int(i)); };

    EXPECT_CALL(mock, TakeUnique(_)).WillRepeatedly([](std::unique_ptr<int> i) {
        return *i;
    });
    // DoAll() does not compile, since it would move from its arguments twice.
    // EXPECT_CALL(mock, TakeUnique(_, _))
    //     .WillRepeatedly(DoAll(Invoke([](std::unique_ptr<int> j) {}),
    //     Return(1)));
    EXPECT_CALL(mock, TakeUnique(testing::Pointee(7)))
        .WillOnce(Return(-7))
        .RetiresOnSaturation();
    EXPECT_CALL(mock, TakeUnique(testing::IsNull()))
        .WillOnce(Return(-1))
        .RetiresOnSaturation();

    EXPECT_EQ(5, mock.TakeUnique(make(5)));
    EXPECT_EQ(-7, mock.TakeUnique(make(7)));
    EXPECT_EQ(7, mock.TakeUnique(make(7)));
    EXPECT_EQ(7, mock.TakeUnique(make(7)));
    EXPECT_EQ(-1, mock.TakeUnique({}));

    // Some arguments are moved, some passed by reference.
    auto lvalue = make(6);
    EXPECT_CALL(mock, TakeUnique(_, _))
        .WillOnce([](const std::unique_ptr<int> &i, std::unique_ptr<int> j) {
            return *i * *j;
        });
    EXPECT_EQ(42, mock.TakeUnique(lvalue, make(7)));

    // The unique_ptr can be saved by the action.
    std::unique_ptr<int> saved;
    EXPECT_CALL(mock, TakeUnique(_)).WillOnce([&saved](std::unique_ptr<int> i) {
        saved = std::move(i);
        return 0;
    });
    EXPECT_EQ(0, mock.TakeUnique(make(42)));
    EXPECT_EQ(42, *saved);
}

// Tests for std::function based action.

int Add(int val, int &ref, int *ptr)
{ // NOLINT
    int result = val + ref + *ptr;
    ref = 42;
    *ptr = 43;
    return result;
}

int Deref(std::unique_ptr<int> ptr)
{
    return *ptr;
}

struct Double {
    template<typename T>
    T operator()(T t)
    {
        return 2 * t;
    }
};

std::unique_ptr<int> UniqueInt(int i)
{
    return std::unique_ptr<int>(new int(i));
}

TEST(FunctorActionTest, ActionFromFunction)
{
    Action<int(int, int &, int *)> a = &Add;
    int x = 1, y = 2, z = 3;
    EXPECT_EQ(6, a.Perform(std::forward_as_tuple(x, y, &z)));
    EXPECT_EQ(42, y);
    EXPECT_EQ(43, z);

    Action<int(std::unique_ptr<int>)> a1 = &Deref;
    EXPECT_EQ(7, a1.Perform(std::make_tuple(UniqueInt(7))));
}

TEST(FunctorActionTest, ActionFromLambda)
{
    Action<int(bool, int)> a1 = [](bool b, int i) { return b ? i : 0; };
    EXPECT_EQ(5, a1.Perform(std::make_tuple(true, 5)));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, a1.Perform(std::make_tuple(false, 5)));

    std::unique_ptr<int> saved;
    Action<void(std::unique_ptr<int>)> a2 = [&saved](std::unique_ptr<int> p) {
        saved = std::move(p);
    };
    a2.Perform(std::make_tuple(UniqueInt(5)));
    EXPECT_EQ(5, *saved);
}

TEST(FunctorActionTest, PolymorphicFunctor)
{
    Action<int(int)> ai = Double();
    EXPECT_EQ(2, ai.Perform(std::make_tuple(1)));
    Action<double(double)> ad = Double(); // Double? Double double!
    EXPECT_EQ(3.0, ad.Perform(std::make_tuple(1.5)));
}

TEST(FunctorActionTest, TypeConversion)
{
    // Numeric promotions are allowed.
    const Action<bool(int)> a1 = [](int i) { return i > 1; };
    const Action<int(bool)> a2 = Action<int(bool)>(a1);
    EXPECT_EQ(1, a1.Perform(std::make_tuple(42)));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, a2.Perform(std::make_tuple(42)));

    // Implicit constructors are allowed.
    const Action<bool(std::string)> s1 = [](std::string s) { return !s.empty(); };
    const Action<int(const char *)> s2 = Action<int(const char *)>(s1);
    EXPECT_EQ(0, s2.Perform(std::make_tuple("")));
    EXPECT_EQ(1, s2.Perform(std::make_tuple("hello")));

    // Also between the lambda and the action itself.
    const Action<bool(std::string)> x1 = [](Unused) { return 42; };
    const Action<bool(std::string)> x2 = [] { return 42; };
    EXPECT_TRUE(x1.Perform(std::make_tuple("hello")));
    EXPECT_TRUE(x2.Perform(std::make_tuple("hello")));

    // Ensure decay occurs where required.
    std::function<int()> f = [] { return 7; };
    Action<int(int)> d = f;
    f = nullptr;
    EXPECT_EQ(7, d.Perform(std::make_tuple(1)));

    // Ensure creation of an empty action succeeds.
    Action<void(int)>(nullptr);
}

TEST(FunctorActionTest, UnusedArguments)
{
    // Verify that users can ignore uninteresting arguments.
    Action<int(int, double y, double z)> a =
        [](int i, Unused, Unused) { return 2 * i; };
    std::tuple<int, double, double> dummy = std::make_tuple(3, 7.3, 9.44);
    EXPECT_EQ(6, a.Perform(dummy));
}

// Test that basic built-in actions work with move-only arguments.
TEST(MoveOnlyArgumentsTest, ReturningActions)
{
    Action<int(std::unique_ptr<int>)> a = Return(1);
    EXPECT_EQ(1, a.Perform(std::make_tuple(nullptr)));

    a = testing::WithoutArgs([]() { return 7; });
    EXPECT_EQ(7, a.Perform(std::make_tuple(nullptr)));

    Action<void(std::unique_ptr<int>, int *)> a2 = testing::SetArgPointee<1>(3);
    int x = 0;
    a2.Perform(std::make_tuple(nullptr, &x));
    EXPECT_EQ(x, 3);
}

ACTION(ReturnArity)
{
    return std::tuple_size<args_type>::value;
}

TEST(ActionMacro, LargeArity)
{
    EXPECT_EQ(
        1, testing::Action<int(int)>(ReturnArity()).Perform(std::make_tuple(0)));
    EXPECT_EQ(
        10,
        testing::Action<int(int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int)>(
            ReturnArity())
            .Perform(std::make_tuple(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)));
    EXPECT_EQ(
        20,
        testing::Action<int(int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int,
                            int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int)>(
            ReturnArity())
            .Perform(std::make_tuple(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,
                                     14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19)));
}

} // Unnamed namespace

#ifdef _MSC_VER
#if _MSC_VER == 1900
#pragma warning(pop)
#endif
#endif
