NAME
    perltoc - perl documentation table of contents

DESCRIPTION
    This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the
    Perl documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or
    grepped through to locate the proper section you're looking for.

BASIC DOCUMENTATION
  perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    Many usability enhancements, Simplified grammar, Lexical
    scoping, Arbitrarily nested data structures, Modularity and
    reusability, Object-oriented programming, Embeddable and
    Extensible, POSIX compliant, Package constructors and
    destructors, Multiple simultaneous DBM implementations,
    Subroutine definitions may now be autoloaded, Regular expression
    enhancements, Innumerable Unbundled Modules, Compilability

    ENVIRONMENT

    AUTHOR

    FILES

    SEE ALSO

    DIAGNOSTICS

    BUGS

    NOTES

  perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1998/07/20
23:12:17 $)

    DESCRIPTION
    perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, the perlfaq1 manpage:
    General Questions About Perl, the perlfaq2 manpage: Obtaining
    and Learning about Perl, the perlfaq3 manpage: Programming
    Tools, the perlfaq4 manpage: Data Manipulation, the perlfaq5
    manpage: Files and Formats, the perlfaq6 manpage: Regexps, the
    perlfaq7 manpage: General Perl Language Issues, the perlfaq8
    manpage: System Interaction, the perlfaq9 manpage: Networking

    Where to get this document

    How to contribute to this document

    What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
    authors


    Credits

    Author and Copyright Information

    Bundled Distributions

    Disclaimer


    Changes
    24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97
    Version, Initial Release: 11/March/97

  perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.14 $, $Date:
1998/06/14 22:15:25 $)

    DESCRIPTION

    What is Perl?

    Who supports Perl?  Who develops it?  Why is it free?

    Which version of Perl should I use?

    What are perl4 and perl5?

    How stable is Perl?

    Is Perl difficult to learn?

    How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
    Scheme, or Tcl?

    Can I do [task] in Perl?

    When shouldn't I program in Perl?

    What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?

    Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?

    What is a JAPH?

    Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?

    How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
    (5/5.004/Perl instead of some other language)?


    AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

  perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.24 $,
$Date: 1998/07/20 23:40:28 $)

    DESCRIPTION

    What machines support Perl?  Where do I get it?

    How can I get a binary version of Perl?

    I don't have a C compiler on my system.  How can I compile perl?

    I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
    don't work.

    I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
    loading/malloc/linking/... failed.  How do I make it work?

    What modules and extensions are available for Perl?  What is CPAN?
    What does CPAN/src/... mean?

    Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?

    Where can I get information on Perl?

    What are the Perl newsgroups on USENET?  Where do I post questions?

    Where should I post source code?

    Perl Books
        References, Tutorials *Learning Perl [2nd edition] by Randal
        L. Schwartz and Tom Christiansen, Task-Oriented, Special
        Topics

    Perl in Magazines

    Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access

    What mailing lists are there for perl?
        MacPerl, Perl5-Porters, NTPerl, Perl-Packrats

    Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc

    Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?

    Where do I send bug reports?

    What is perl.com?  perl.org?  The Perl Institute?

    How do I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?


    AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

  perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date: 1998/07/16
22:08:49 $)

    DESCRIPTION

    How do I do (anything)?

    How can I use Perl interactively?

    Is there a Perl shell?

    How do I debug my Perl programs?

    How do I profile my Perl programs?

    How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?

    Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?

    Is there a ctags for Perl?

    Where can I get Perl macros for vi?

    Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?

    How can I use curses with Perl?

    How can I use X or Tk with Perl?

    How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?

    What is undump?

    How can I make my Perl program run faster?

    How can I make my Perl program take less memory?

    Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?

    How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?

    How can I make my CGI script more efficient?

    How can I hide the source for my Perl program?

    How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?

    How can I get `#!perl' to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?

    Can I write useful perl programs on the command line?

    Why don't perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?

    Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?

    Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?

    Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]

    I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
    my C program, what am I doing wrong?

    When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
    mean?

    What's MakeMaker?


    AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

  perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.25 $, $Date: 1998/07/16
22:49:55 $)

    DESCRIPTION

    Data: Numbers

    Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
    numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?

    Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?

    Does perl have a round function?	What about ceil() and floor()?
    Trig functions?

    How do I convert bits into ints?

    How do I multiply matrices?

    How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?

    How can I output Roman numerals?

    Why aren't my random numbers random?


    Data: Dates

    How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?

    How can I compare two dates and find the difference?

    How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?

    How can I find the Julian Day?

    Does Perl have a year 2000 problem?  Is Perl Y2K compliant?


    Data: Strings

    How do I validate input?

    How do I unescape a string?

    How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?

    How do I expand function calls in a string?

    How do I find matching/nesting anything?

    How do I reverse a string?

    How do I expand tabs in a string?

    How do I reformat a paragraph?

    How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?

    How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?

    How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
    string?

    How do I capitalize all the words on one line?

    How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
    [character]? (Comma-separated files)

    How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?

    How do I extract selected columns from a string?

    How do I find the soundex value of a string?

    How can I expand variables in text strings?

    What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?

    Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
        1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There
        (probably) should be a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't
        (easily) have any space in front of the tag


    Data: Arrays

    What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?

    How can I extract just the unique elements of an array?
        a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be sorted:(this
        assumes all true values in the array), b) If you don't know
        whether @in is sorted:, c) Like (b), but @in contains only
        small integers:, d) A way to do (b) without any loops or
        greps:, e) Like (d), but @in contains only small positive
        integers:

    How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element?

    How do I compute the difference of two arrays?  How do I compute the
    intersection of two arrays?

    How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?

    How do I handle linked lists?

    How do I handle circular lists?

    How do I shuffle an array randomly?

    How do I process/modify each element of an array?

    How do I select a random element from an array?

    How do I permute N elements of a list?

    How do I sort an array by (anything)?

    How do I manipulate arrays of bits?

    Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?


    Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)

    How do I process an entire hash?

    What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
    it?

    How do I look up a hash element by value?

    How can I know how many entries are in a hash?

    How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?

    How can I always keep my hash sorted?

    What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?

    Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?

    How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?

    How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?

    How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?

    How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?

    Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
    it?

    How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
    array of hashes or arrays?

    How can I use a reference as a hash key?


    Data: Misc

    How do I handle binary data correctly?

    How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?

    How do I keep persistent data across program calls?

    How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?

    How do I define methods for every class/object?

    How do I verify a credit card checksum?


    AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

  perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.24 $, $Date: 1998/07/05
15:07:20 $)

    DESCRIPTION

    How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle?  Why must I do this?

    How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
    line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?

    How do I count the number of lines in a file?

    How do I make a temporary file name?

    How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?

    How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine?  How do I pass
    filehandles between subroutines?  How do I make an array of filehandles?

    How can I use a filehandle indirectly?

    How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?

    How can I write() into a string?

    How can I output my numbers with commas added?

    How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?

    How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?

    Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?

    Is there a leak/bug in glob()?

    How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?

    How can I reliably rename a file?

    How can I lock a file?

    What can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?

    I still don't get locking.  I just want to increment the number in
    the file.  How can I do this?

    How do I randomly update a binary file?

    How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?

    How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?

    How do I print to more than one file at once?

    How can I read in a file by paragraphs?

    How can I read a single character from a file?  From the keyboard?

    How can I tell if there's a character waiting on a filehandle?

    How do I do a `tail -f' in perl?

    How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?

    How do I close a file descriptor by number?

    Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths?  What doesn't
    `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?

    Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?

    Why does Perl let me delete read-only files?  Why does `-i' clobber
    protected files?  Isn't this a bug in Perl?

    How do I select a random line from a file?


    AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

  perlfaq6 - Regexps ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 1998/07/16 14:01:07 $)

    DESCRIPTION

    How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
    and unmaintainable code?
        Comments Outside the Regexp, Comments Inside the Regexp,
        Different Delimiters

    I'm having trouble matching over more than one line.  What's wrong?

    How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
    different lines?

    I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?

    How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but preserving
    case on the RHS?

    How can I make `\w' match national character sets?

    How can I match a locale-smart version of `/[a-zA-Z]/'?

    How can I quote a variable to use in a regexp?

    What is `/o' really for?

    How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
    file?

    Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?

    What does it mean that regexps are greedy?  How can I get around it?

    How do I process each word on each line?

    How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?

    How can I do approximate matching?

    How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?

    Why don't word-boundary searches with `\b' work for me?

    Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?

    What good is `\G' in a regular expression?

    Are Perl regexps DFAs or NFAs?  Are they POSIX compliant?

    What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?

    How can I match strings with multibyte characters?


    AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

  perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.21 $, $Date:
1998/06/22 15:20:07 $)

    DESCRIPTION

    Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?

    What are all these $@%* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
    use them?

    Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
    commas?

    How do I skip some return values?

    How do I temporarily block warnings?

    What's an extension?

    Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?

    How do I declare/create a structure?

    How do I create a module?

    How do I create a class?

    How can I tell if a variable is tainted?

    What's a closure?

    What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?

    How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
    Regexp}?
        Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles,
        Passing Regexps, Passing Methods

    How do I create a static variable?

    What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
    Between local() and my()?

    How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
    is in scope?

    What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?

    Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?

    How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?

    What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?

    How do I create a switch or case statement?

    How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?

    Why can't a method included in this same file be found?

    How can I find out my current package?

    How can I comment out a large block of perl code?


    AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

  perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.25 $, $Date: 1998/07/05
15:07:20 $)

    DESCRIPTION

    How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?

    How come exec() doesn't return?

    How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
        Keyboard, Screen, Mouse

    How do I print something out in color?

    How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?

    How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?

    How do I clear the screen?

    How do I get the screen size?

    How do I ask the user for a password?

    How do I read and write the serial port?
        lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-
        blocking input

    How do I decode encrypted password files?

    How do I start a process in the background?
        STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies

    How do I trap control characters/signals?

    How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?

    How do I set the time and date?

    How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?

    How can I measure time under a second?

    How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)

    Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
    does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?

    How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?

    Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?

    Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?

    How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?

    Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?

    How can I capture STDERR from an external command?

    Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?

    What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?

    How can I call backticks without shell processing?

    Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
    ^Z on MS-DOS)?

    How can I convert my shell script to perl?

    Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?

    How can I write expect in Perl?

    Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
    "ps"?

    I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script.	How
    come the change disappeared when I exited the script?  How do I get my
    changes to be visible?
        Unix

    How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
    complete?

    How do I fork a daemon process?

    How do I make my program run with sh and csh?

    How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?

    How do I timeout a slow event?

    How do I set CPU limits?

    How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?

    How do I use an SQL database?

    How do I make a system() exit on control-C?

    How do I open a file without blocking?

    How do I install a CPAN module?

    What's the difference between require and use?

    How do I keep my own module/library directory?

    How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
    search path?

    How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?


    AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

  perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.20 $, $Date: 1998/06/22 18:31:09
$)

    DESCRIPTION

    My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser.   (500
    Server Error)

    How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?

    How do I remove HTML from a string?

    How do I extract URLs?

    How do I download a file from the user's machine?  How do I open a
    file on another machine?

    How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?

    How do I fetch an HTML file?

    How do I automate an HTML form submission?

    How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?

    How do I redirect to another page?

    How do I put a password on my web pages?

    How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?

    How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
    CGI script to do bad things?

    How do I parse a mail header?

    How do I decode a CGI form?

    How do I check a valid mail address?

    How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?

    How do I return the user's mail address?

    How do I send mail?

    How do I read mail?

    How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?

    How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?

    How do I fetch/put an FTP file?

    How can I do RPC in Perl?


    AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

  perldelta - what's new for perl5.005

    DESCRIPTION

    About the new versioning system

    Incompatible Changes

    WARNING:  This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.

    Default installation structure has changed

    Perl Source Compatibility

    C Source Compatibility
        Core sources now require ANSI C compiler, All Perl global
        variables must now be referenced with an explicit prefix,
        Enabling threads has source compatibility issues

    Binary Compatibility

    Security fixes may affect compatibility

    Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004

    Licensing


    Core Changes

    Threads

    Compiler

    Regular Expressions
        Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New
        regular expression constructs, New operator for precompiled
        regular expressions, Other improvements, Incompatible
        changes

    Improved malloc()

    Quicksort is internally implemented

    Reliable signals

    Reliable stack pointers

    More generous treatment of carriage returns

    Memory leaks

    Better support for multiple interpreters

    Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined

    `%!' is transparently tied to the the Errno manpage module

    Pseudo-hashes are supported

    `EXPR foreach EXPR' is supported

    Keywords can be globally overridden

    `$^E' is meaningful on Win32

    `foreach (1..1000000)' optimized

    `Foo::' can be used as implicitly quoted package name

    `exists $Foo::{Bar::}' tests existence of a package

    Better locale support

    Experimental support for 64-bit platforms

    prototype() returns useful results on builtins

    Extended support for exception handling

    Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods

    All `printf' format conversions are handled internally

    New `INIT' keyword

    New `lock' keyword

    New `qr//' operator

    `our' is now a reserved word

    Tied arrays are now fully supported

    Tied handles support is better

    4th argument to substr

    Negative LENGTH argument to splice

    Magic lvalues are now more magical

    <> now reads in records


    Supported Platforms

    New Platforms

    Changes in existing support


    Modules and Pragmata

    New Modules
        B, Data::Dumper, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
        ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array,
        Tie::Handle, Thread, attrs, fields, re

    Changes in existing modules
        CGI, POSIX, DB_File, MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd, Benchmark


    Utility Changes

    Documentation Changes

    New Diagnostics
    Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &,
    Bad index while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers
    to nonexistent package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined
    value, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't goto subroutine from
    an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element, Can't use
    %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
    for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future
    extensions, Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future
    extensions, Character class syntax [= =] is reserved for future
    extensions, %s: Eval-group in insecure regular expression, %s:
    Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s: Eval-group not
    allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package
    main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
    field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during
    ridiculously large request, Range iterator outside integer
    range, Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method
    '%s' in package '%s', Reference found where even-sized list
    expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved
    word "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed

    Obsolete Diagnostics
    Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for -e: %s, Cannot open
    temporary file

    BUGS

    SEE ALSO

    HISTORY

  perldata - Perl data types

    DESCRIPTION

    Variable names

    Context

    Scalar values

    Scalar value constructors

    List value constructors

    Typeglobs and Filehandles


  perlsyn - Perl syntax

    DESCRIPTION

    Declarations

    Simple statements

    Compound statements

    Loop Control

    For Loops

    Foreach Loops

    Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements

    Goto

    PODs: Embedded Documentation

    Plain Old Comments (Not!)


  perlop - Perl operators and precedence

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Terms and List Operators (Leftward)

    The Arrow Operator

    Auto-increment and Auto-decrement

    Exponentiation

    Symbolic Unary Operators

    Binding Operators

    Multiplicative Operators

    Additive Operators

    Shift Operators

    Named Unary Operators

    Relational Operators

    Equality Operators

    Bitwise And

    Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or

    C-style Logical And

    C-style Logical Or

    Range Operators

    Conditional Operator

    Assignment Operators

    Comma Operator

    List Operators (Rightward)

    Logical Not

    Logical And

    Logical or and Exclusive Or

    C Operators Missing From Perl
        unary &, unary *, (TYPE)

    Quote and Quote-like Operators

    Regexp Quote-Like Operators
        ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/,
        `'STRING'', qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx,
        qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
        s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx,
        tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
        y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds

    Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
        Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters,
        Interpolation, `<<'EOF'', `m''', `s'''', `tr///', `y///',
        `''', `q//', `""', ```', `qq//', `qx//', `<file*glob>',
        `?RE?', `/RE/', `m/RE/', `s/RE/foo/',, Interpolation of
        regular expressions, Optimization of regular expressions

    I/O Operators

    Constant Folding

    Bitwise String Operators

    Integer Arithmetic

    Floating-point Arithmetic

    Bigger Numbers


  perlre - Perl regular expressions

    DESCRIPTION
    i, m, s, x

    Regular Expressions
        `(?#text)', `(?:pattern)', `(?imsx-imsx:pattern)',
        `(?=pattern)', `(?!pattern)', `(?<=pattern)',
        `(?<!pattern)', `(?{ code })', `(?>pattern)',
        `(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)', `(?(condition)yes-
        pattern)', `(?imsx-imsx)'

    Backtracking

    Version 8 Regular Expressions

    WARNING on \1 vs $1

    Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring

    Creating custom RE engines

    SEE ALSO


  perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
        OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh

    Location of Perl

    Switches
        -0[*digits*], -a, -c, -d, -d:*foo*, -D*letters*, -D*number*,
        -e *commandline*, -F*pattern*, -h, -i[*extension*], -
        I*directory*, -l[*octnum*], -m[-]*module*, -M[-]*module*, -
        M[-]*'module ...'*, -[mM][-]*module=arg[,arg]...*, -n, -p, -
        P, -s, -S, -T, -u, -U, -v, -V, -V:*name*, -w, -x *directory*


    ENVIRONMENT
    HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB,
    PERL5SHELL (specific to WIN32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS,
    PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL

  perlfunc - Perl builtin functions

    DESCRIPTION

    Perl Functions by Category
        Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and
        pattern matching, Numeric functions, Functions for real
        @ARRAYs, Functions for list data, Functions for real
        %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
        length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or
        directories, Keywords related to the control flow of your
        perl program, Keywords related to scoping, Miscellaneous
        functions, Functions for processes and process groups,
        Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to
        classes and object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions,
        System V interprocess communication functions, Fetching user
        and group info, Fetching network info, Time-related
        functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted in
        perl5

    Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
        *-X* FILEHANDLE, *-X* EXPR, *-X*, abs VALUE, abs, accept
        NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X,
        bind SOCKET,NAME, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
        bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST,
        chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST,
        chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot,
        close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect
        SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
        dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, defined EXPR,
        defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do
        SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, each HASH, eof
        FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
        exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp,
        fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
        FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST,
        getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp
        PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam
        NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
        NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO,
        gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
        getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
        getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent,
        setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN,
        setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent,
        endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent,
        getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob
        EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME,
        grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import,
        index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int,
        ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH,
        kill LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR,
        lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen
        SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, log EXPR, log,
        lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST,
        map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MODE, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG,
        msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv
        ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, my EXPR, next LABEL, next, no Module
        LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,
        opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, pack TEMPLATE,LIST,
        package, package NAMESPACE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop
        ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print
        LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT,
        LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/,
        qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta
        EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read
        FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
        FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR,
        readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv
        SOCKET,SCALAR,LEN,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref,
        rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR,
        reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
        DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR,
        rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek
        FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
        FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
        ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop
        KEY,OPSTRING, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send
        SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
        WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL,
        shift ARRAY, shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget
        KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite
        ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin,
        sleep EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
        socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort
        SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice
        ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice
        ARRAY,OFFSET, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
        /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT,
        LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE,
        stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME,
        sub NAME BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LEN,REPLACEMENT, substr
        EXPR,OFFSET,LEN, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink
        OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
        FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen
        FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
        FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread
        FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
        FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM
        LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite
        FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir
        DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time,
        times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate
        EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR,
        umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
        TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use
        Module LIST, use Module, use Module VERSION LIST, use
        VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS,
        wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write
        FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///


  perlvar - Perl predefined variables

    DESCRIPTION

    Predefined Names
        $ARG, $_, $<*digits*>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`,
        $POSTMATCH, $', $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING,
        $*, input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR,
        $, input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR,
        $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR,
        $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR,
        $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator
        HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\,
        $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;,
        $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE EXPR,
        $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR,
        $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR,
        $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, format_name HANDLE EXPR,
        $FORMAT_NAME, $~, format_top_name HANDLE EXPR,
        $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, format_line_break_characters HANDLE
        EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, format_formfeed
        HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
        $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR,
        $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID,
        $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID,
        $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0,
        $[, $PERL_VERSION, $], $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F,
        $^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P,
        0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, $^R, $^S, $BASETIME,
        $^T, $WARNING, $^W, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV,
        @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV $ENV{expr}, %SIG $SIG{expr}

    Error Indicators


  perlsub - Perl subroutines

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Private Variables via `my()'

    Peristent Private Variables

    Temporary Values via local()

    Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)

    When to Still Use local()
        1. You need to give a global variable a temporary value,
        especially `$_', 2. You need to create a local file or
        directory handle or a local function, 3. You want to
        temporarily change just one element of an array or hash

    Pass by Reference

    Prototypes

    Constant Functions

    Overriding Builtin Functions

    Autoloading


    SEE ALSO

  perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)

    DESCRIPTION

    Packages

    Symbol Tables

    Package Constructors and Destructors

    Perl Classes

    Perl Modules


    SEE ALSO

  perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones

    DESCRIPTION

    THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY

    Pragmatic Modules
        use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), blib, diagnostics,
        integer, less, lib, locale, ops, overload, re, sigtrap,
        strict, subs, vmsish, vars

    Standard Modules
        AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, Benchmark, CPAN,
        CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Class::Struct, Config,
        Cwd, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle, DynaLoader,
        English, Env, Exporter, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install,
        ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
        ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
        ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists,
        ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename,
        File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::Find,
        File::Path, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin,
        GDBM_File, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO,
        IO::File, IO::Handle, IO::Pipe, IO::Seekable, IO::Select,
        IO::Socket, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat,
        Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, NDBM_File,
        Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent,
        Net::servent, Opcode, Pod::Text, POSIX, SDBM_File, Safe,
        Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket,
        Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::Cap,
        Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev,
        Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap,
        Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash,
        Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm,
        UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent

    Extension Modules


    CPAN
    Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development
    Support, Operating System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control
    (modems) and InterProcess Communication, Data Types and Data
    Type Utilities, Database Interfaces, User Interfaces, Interfaces
    to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages, File Names, File
    Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String
    Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching,
    Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing,
    Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and
    Encryption, World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and
    Daemon Utilities, Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and
    Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing, Mail and Usenet
    News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc),
    File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities, Miscellaneous
    Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North America, South
    America

    Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse

    Guidelines for Module Creation
        Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to
        design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some
        simple style guidelines, Select what to export, Select a
        name for the module, Have you got it right?, README and
        other Additional Files, A description of the
        module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see
        below, Prerequisites - what else you may need to have, How
        to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc, How to
        install it, Recent changes in this release, especially
        incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make
        in the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a
        version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute
        a module, Take care when changing a released module

    Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
        There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the
        implications, Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm
        utility will get you started, Adds the standard Module
        prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from ' to ::,
        Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes

    Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
        Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module
        Library, Many applications contain some Perl code that could
        be reused, Break-out the reusable code into one or more
        separate module files, Take the opportunity to reconsider
        and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application'
        can then be reduced to a small


    NOTE

  perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules

    DESCRIPTION

    PREAMBLE
        DECOMPRESS the file, UNPACK the file into a directory, BUILD
        the module (sometimes unnecessary), INSTALL the module


    HEY

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

  perlform - Perl formats

    DESCRIPTION

    Format Variables


    NOTES

    Footers

    Accessing Formatting Internals


    WARNINGS

  perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
localization)

    DESCRIPTION

    PREPARING TO USE LOCALES

    USING LOCALES

    The use locale pragma

    The setlocale function

    Finding locales

    LOCALE PROBLEMS

    Temporarily fixing locale problems

    Permanently fixing locale problems

    Permanently fixing your locale configuration

    Permanently fixing system locale configuration

    The localeconv function


    LOCALE CATEGORIES

    Category LC_COLLATE: Collation

    Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types

    Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting

    Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts

    LC_TIME

    Other categories


    SECURITY
    Comparison operators (`lt', `le', `ge', `gt' and `cmp'):, Case-
    mapping interpolation (with `\l', `\L', `\u' or `\U'), Matching
    operator (`m//'):, Substitution operator (`s///'):, In-memory
    formatting function (sprintf()):, Output formatting functions
    (printf() and write()):, Case-mapping functions (lc(),
    lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, POSIX locale-dependent functions
    (localeconv(), strcoll(),strftime(), strxfrm()):, POSIX
    character class tests (isalnum(), isalpha(),
    isdigit(),isgraph(), islower(), isprint(), ispunct(), isspace(),
    isupper(), isxdigit()):

    ENVIRONMENT
    PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
    LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG

    NOTES

    Backward compatibility

    I18N:Collate obsolete

    Sort speed and memory use impacts

    write() and LC_NUMERIC

    Freely available locale definitions

    I18n and l10n

    An imperfect standard


    BUGS

    Broken systems


    SEE ALSO

    HISTORY

  perlref - Perl references and nested data structures

    DESCRIPTION

    Making References

    Using References

    Symbolic references

    Not-so-symbolic references

    Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash

    Function Templates


    WARNING

    SEE ALSO

  perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook

    DESCRIPTION
    arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of
    hashes, more elaborate constructs

    REFERENCES

    COMMON MISTAKES

    CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE

    WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS `use strict'

    DEBUGGING

    CODE EXAMPLES

    LISTS OF LISTS

    Declaration of a LIST OF LISTS

    Generation of a LIST OF LISTS

    Access and Printing of a LIST OF LISTS


    HASHES OF LISTS

    Declaration of a HASH OF LISTS

    Generation of a HASH OF LISTS

    Access and Printing of a HASH OF LISTS


    LISTS OF HASHES

    Declaration of a LIST OF HASHES

    Generation of a LIST OF HASHES

    Access and Printing of a LIST OF HASHES


    HASHES OF HASHES

    Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES

    Generation of a HASH OF HASHES

    Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES


    MORE ELABORATE RECORDS

    Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS

    Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS

    Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS


    Database Ties

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

  perllol, perlLoL - Manipulating Lists of Lists in Perl

    DESCRIPTION

    Declaration and Access of Lists of Lists

    Growing Your Own

    Access and Printing

    Slices

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

  perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl

    DESCRIPTION

    Creating a Class

    Object Representation

    Class Interface

    Constructors and Instance Methods

    Planning for the Future: Better Constructors

    Destructors

    Other Object Methods


    Class Data

    Accessing Class Data

    Debugging Methods

    Class Destructors

    Documenting the Interface


    Aggregation

    Inheritance

    Overridden Methods

    Multiple Inheritance

    UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects


    Alternate Object Representations

    Arrays as Objects

    Closures as Objects


    AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods

    Autoloaded Data Methods

    Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods


    Metaclassical Tools

    Class::Struct

    Data Members as Variables

    NOTES

    Object Terminology


    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

    COPYRIGHT

    Acknowledgments


  perlobj - Perl objects

    DESCRIPTION

    An Object is Simply a Reference

    A Class is Simply a Package

    A Method is Simply a Subroutine

    Method Invocation

    Default UNIVERSAL methods
        isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )

    Destructors

    WARNING

    Summary

    Two-Phased Garbage Collection


    SEE ALSO

  perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Tying Scalars
        TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value,
        DESTROY this

    Tying Arrays
        TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this,
        index, value, DESTROY this

    Tying Hashes
        USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH
        this, key, STORE this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR
        this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this,
        lastkey, DESTROY this

    Tying FileHandles
        TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this,
        LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this,
        GETC this, CLOSE this, DESTROY this

    The `untie' Gotcha


    SEE ALSO

    BUGS

    AUTHOR

  perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)

    DESCRIPTION

    OO SCALING TIPS

    INSTANCE VARIABLES

    SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES

    INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE

    OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS

    OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS

    USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM

    THINKING OF CODE REUSE

    CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT

    INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR

    DELEGATION

  perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)

    DESCRIPTION

    Signals

    Named Pipes

    WARNING


    Using open() for IPC

    Filehandles

    Background Processes

    Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent

    Safe Pipe Opens

    Bidirectional Communication with Another Process

    Bidirectional Communication with Yourself


    Sockets: Client/Server Communication

    Internet Line Terminators

    Internet TCP Clients and Servers

    Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers


    TCP Clients with IO::Socket

    A Simple Client
        `Proto', `PeerAddr', `PeerPort'

    A Webget Client

    Interactive Client with IO::Socket


    TCP Servers with IO::Socket
    Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse

    UDP: Message Passing

    SysV IPC

    NOTES

    BUGS

    AUTHOR

    SEE ALSO

  perldebug - Perl debugging

    DESCRIPTION

    The Perl Debugger

    Debugger Commands
        h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s
        [expr], n [expr], <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-
        max, l line, l subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/,
        ?pattern?, L, S [[!]pattern], t, t expr, b [line]
        [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
        [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line],
        D, a [line] command, A, W [expr], W, O [opt[=val]]
        [opt"val"] [opt?].., `recallCommand', `ShellBang', `pager',
        `tkRunning', `signalLevel', `warnLevel', `dieLevel',
        `AutoTrace', `LineInfo', `inhibit_exit', `PrintRet',
        `ornaments', `frame', `maxTraceLen', `arrayDepth',
        `hashDepth', `compactDump', `veryCompact', `globPrint',
        `DumpDBFiles', `DumpPackages', `DumpReused', `quote',
        `HighBit', `undefPrint', `UsageOnly', `TTY', `noTTY',
        `ReadLine', `NonStop', < [ command ], << command, > command,
        >> command, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number,
        ! pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd,
        command, m expr, m package

    Debugger input/output
        Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Listing, Frame
        listing

    Debugging compile-time statements

    Debugger Customization

    Readline Support

    Editor Support for Debugging

    The Perl Profiler

    Debugger support in perl

    Debugger Internals

    Other resources

    BUGS


    Debugging Perl memory usage

    Using `$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}'
        `buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)', Free/Used,
        `Total sbrk(): SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS', `pad: 0', `heads:
        2192', `chain: 0', `tail: 6144'

    Example of using -DL switch
        `717', `002', `054', `602', `702', `704'

    -DL details
        `!!!', `!!', `!'

    Limitations of -DL statistic


    Debugging regular expressions

    Compile-time output
        `anchored' *STRING* `at' *POS*, `floating' *STRING* `at'
        *POS1..POS2*, `matching floating/anchored', `minlen',
        `stclass' *TYPE*, `noscan', `isall', `GPOS', `plus',
        `implicit', `with eval', `anchored(TYPE)'

    Types of nodes

    Run-time output


  perldiag - various Perl diagnostics

    DESCRIPTION

  perlsec - Perl security

    DESCRIPTION

    Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data

    Switches On the "#!" Line

    Cleaning Up Your Path

    Security Bugs

    Protecting Your Programs


    SEE ALSO

  perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary

    DESCRIPTION

    Awk Traps

    C Traps

    Sed Traps

    Shell Traps

    Perl Traps

    Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
        Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing
        Traps, Numerical Traps, General data type traps, Context
        Traps - scalar, list contexts, Precedence Traps, General
        Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc, Subroutine,
        Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified
        Traps

    Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
        Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance,
        Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance,
        Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
        Deprecation, Discontinuance

    Parsing Traps
        Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing

    Numerical Traps
        Numerical, Numerical, Numerical

    General data type traps
        (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar
        String), (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)

    Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
        (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list,
        builtin)

    Precedence Traps
        Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
        Precedence, Precedence

    General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
        Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
        Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
        Regular Expression, Regular Expression

    Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
        (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a
        filehandle

    OS Traps
        (SysV), (SysV)

    Interpolation Traps
        Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
        Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
        Interpolation

    DBM Traps
        DBM, DBM

    Unclassified Traps
        `require'/`do' trap using returned value, `split' on empty
        string with LIMIT specified


  perlport - Writing portable Perl

    DESCRIPTION
    Not all Perl programs have to be portable, The vast majority of
    Perl is portable

    ISSUES

    Newlines

    File Paths

    System Interaction

    Interprocess Communication (IPC)

    External Subroutines (XS)

    Standard Modules

    Time and Date

    System Resources

    Security

    Style


    CPAN TESTERS
    Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
    `http://www.connect.net/gbarr/cpan-test/'

    PLATFORMS

    Unix

    DOS and Derivatives
        The djgpp environment for DOS,
        `http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/', The EMX environment for
        DOS, OS/2, etc.
        `emx@iaehv.nl',`http://www.juge.com/bbs/Hobb.19.html', Build
        instructions for Win32, the perlwin32 manpage, The
        ActiveState Pages, `http://www.activestate.com/'

    MacPerl
        The MacPerl Pages, `http://www.ptf.com/macperl/', The
        MacPerl mailing list, `mac-perl-request@iis.ee.ethz.ch'

    VMS the perlvms.pod manpage, vmsperl list, `vmsperl-
        request@newman.upenn.edu', vmsperl on the web,
        `http://www.sidhe.org/vmsperl/index.html'

    EBCDIC Platforms
        perl-mvs list, AS/400 Perl information at
        `http://as400.rochester.ibm.com'

    Other perls
        Atari, Guido Flohr's page `http://stud.uni-
        sb.de/~gufl0000/', HP 300 MPE/iX
        `http://www.cccd.edu/~markb/perlix.html', Novell Netware


    FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS

    Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
        -*X* FILEHANDLE, -*X* EXPR, -*X*, binmode FILEHANDLE, chmod
        LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
        PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE,
        dump LABEL, exec LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR,
        flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID,
        getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam
        NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID,
        getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
        getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent,
        getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent,
        sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent
        STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
        endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt
        SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl
        FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE,
        lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG,
        msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv
        ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open
        FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR,
        readlink, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
        ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop
        KEY,OPSTRING, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
        WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL,
        shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread
        ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, socketpair
        SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
        EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, system
        LIST, times, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate
        EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST, wait, waitpid
        PID,FLAGS


    AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS

    VERSION

  perlstyle - Perl style guide

    DESCRIPTION

  perlpod - plain old documentation

    DESCRIPTION

    Verbatim Paragraph

    Command Paragraph

    Ordinary Block of Text

    The Intent

    Embedding Pods in Perl Modules

    Common Pod Pitfalls


    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

  perlbook - Perl book information

    DESCRIPTION

  perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program

    DESCRIPTION

    PREAMBLE
        Use C from Perl?, Use a Unix program from Perl?, Use Perl
        from Perl?, Use C from C?, Use Perl from C?

    ROADMAP

    Compiling your C program

    Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program

    Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program

    Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program

    Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program

    Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program

    Maintaining a persistent interpreter

    Maintaining multiple interpreter instances

    Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
    program


    Embedding Perl under Win32

    MORAL

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

  perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    PerlIO *, PerlIO_stdin(), PerlIO_stdout(), PerlIO_stderr(),
    PerlIO_open(path, mode), PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode),
    PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...), PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a),
    PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...), PerlIO_read(f,buf,count),
    PerlIO_write(f,buf,count), PerlIO_close(f), PerlIO_puts(f,s),
    PerlIO_putc(f,c), PerlIO_ungetc(f,c), PerlIO_getc(f),
    PerlIO_eof(f), PerlIO_error(f), PerlIO_fileno(f),
    PerlIO_clearerr(f), PerlIO_flush(f), PerlIO_tell(f),
    PerlIO_seek(f,o,w), PerlIO_getpos(f,p), PerlIO_setpos(f,p),
    PerlIO_rewind(f), PerlIO_tmpfile()

    Co-existence with stdio
        PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags), PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags),
        PerlIO_findFILE(f), PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f),
        PerlIO_setlinebuf(f), PerlIO_has_cntptr(f),
        PerlIO_get_ptr(f), PerlIO_get_cnt(f), PerlIO_canset_cnt(f),
        PerlIO_fast_gets(f), PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c),
        PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c), PerlIO_has_base(f), PerlIO_get_base(f),
        PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)


  perlxs - XS language reference manual

    DESCRIPTION

    Introduction

    On The Road

    The Anatomy of an XSUB

    The Argument Stack

    The RETVAL Variable

    The MODULE Keyword

    The PACKAGE Keyword

    The PREFIX Keyword

    The OUTPUT: Keyword

    The CODE: Keyword

    The INIT: Keyword

    The NO_INIT Keyword

    Initializing Function Parameters

    Default Parameter Values

    The PREINIT: Keyword

    The SCOPE: Keyword

    The INPUT: Keyword

    Variable-length Parameter Lists

    The C_ARGS: Keyword

    The PPCODE: Keyword

    Returning Undef And Empty Lists

    The REQUIRE: Keyword

    The CLEANUP: Keyword

    The BOOT: Keyword

    The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword

    The PROTOTYPES: Keyword

    The PROTOTYPE: Keyword

    The ALIAS: Keyword

    The INTERFACE: Keyword

    The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword

    The INCLUDE: Keyword

    The CASE: Keyword

    The & Unary Operator

    Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives

    Using XS With C++

    Interface Strategy

    Perl Objects And C Structures

    The Typemap


    EXAMPLES

    XS VERSION

    AUTHOR

  perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for XSUBs

    DESCRIPTION

    VERSION CAVEAT

    DYNAMIC VERSUS STATIC

    EXAMPLE 1

    EXAMPLE 2

    WHAT HAS GONE ON?

    WRITING GOOD TEST SCRIPTS

    EXAMPLE 3

    WHAT'S NEW HERE?

    INPUT AND OUTPUT PARAMETERS

    THE XSUBPP COMPILER

    THE TYPEMAP FILE

    WARNING

    EXAMPLE 4

    WHAT HAS HAPPENED HERE?

    SPECIFYING ARGUMENTS TO XSUBPP

    THE ARGUMENT STACK

    EXTENDING YOUR EXTENSION

    DOCUMENTING YOUR EXTENSION

    INSTALLING YOUR EXTENSION

    SEE ALSO

    Author

    Last Changed


  perlguts - Perl's Internal Functions

    DESCRIPTION

    Variables

    Datatypes

    What is an "IV"?

    Working with SVs

    What's Really Stored in an SV?

    Working with AVs

    Working with HVs

    Hash API Extensions

    References

    Blessed References and Class Objects

    Creating New Variables

    Reference Counts and Mortality

    Stashes and Globs

    Double-Typed SVs

    Magic Variables

    Assigning Magic

    Magic Virtual Tables

    Finding Magic

    Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays

    Localizing changes
        `SAVEINT(int i)', `SAVEIV(IV i)', `SAVEI32(I32 i)',
        `SAVELONG(long i)', `SAVESPTR(s)', `SAVEPPTR(p)',
        `SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)', `SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)', `SAVEFREEPV(p)',
        `SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)', `SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32
        length)', `SAVEDESTRUCTOR(f,p)', `SAVESTACK_POS()', `SV*
        save_scalar(GV *gv)', `AV* save_ary(GV *gv)', `HV*
        save_hash(GV *gv)', `void save_item(SV *item)', `void
        save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)', `SV* save_svref(SV
        **sptr)', `void save_aptr(AV **aptr)', `void save_hptr(HV
        **hptr)'


    Subroutines

    XSUBs and the Argument Stack

    Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs

    Memory Allocation

    PerlIO

    Putting a C value on Perl stack

    Scratchpads

    Scratchpads and recursion


    Compiled code

    Code tree

    Examining the tree

    Compile pass 1: check routines

    Compile pass 1a: constant folding

    Compile pass 2: context propagation

    Compile pass 3: peephole optimization


    API LISTING
    av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, AvFILL, av_len, av_make, av_pop,
    av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, CLASS, Copy,
    croak, CvSTASH, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, dMARK,
    dORIGMARK, PL_dowarn, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, do_binmode, ENTER,
    EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD,
    G_EVAL, GIMME, GIMME_V, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, gv_fetchmeth,
    gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, G_VOID, gv_stashpv,
    gv_stashsv, GvSV, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV,
    HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, hv_clear,
    hv_delayfree_ent, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists,
    hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_free_ent, hv_iterinit,
    hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
    hv_iterval, hv_magic, HvNAME, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef,
    isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, items, ix,
    LEAVE, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find,
    mg_free, mg_get, mg_len, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, PL_na, New,
    newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV,
    newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVrv, newSVsv,
    newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv,
    ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_call_argv, perl_call_method,
    perl_call_pv, perl_call_sv, perl_construct, perl_destruct,
    perl_eval_sv, perl_eval_pv, perl_free, perl_get_av, perl_get_cv,
    perl_get_hv, perl_get_sv, perl_parse, perl_require_pv, perl_run,
    POPi, POPl, POPp, POPn, POPs, PUSHMARK, PUSHi, PUSHn, PUSHp,
    PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, RETVAL, safefree,
    safemalloc, saferealloc, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN,
    ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE,
    sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catpvn,
    sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_mg,
    sv_chop, sv_cmp, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, sv_dec, sv_derived_from,
    sv_derived_from, SvEND, sv_eq, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, sv_grow,
    sv_inc, sv_insert, SvIOK, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only,
    SvIOKp, sv_isa, sv_isobject, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, sv_len,
    sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, SvNIOK, SvNIOK_off,
    SvNIOKp, PL_sv_no, SvNOK, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only,
    SvNOKp, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on,
    SvPOK_only, SvPOKp, SvPV, SvPV_force, SvPVX, SvREFCNT,
    SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV,
    SvSETMAGIC, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg,
    sv_setpv, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
    sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setref_iv,
    sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, SvSetSV,
    SvSetSV_nosteal, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg,
    SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on,
    SVt_IV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SVt_NV,
    SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, PL_sv_undef, sv_unref, SvUPGRADE,
    sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_vcatpvfn(sv, pat,
    patlen, args, svargs, svmax, used_locale), sv_vsetpvfn(sv, pat,
    patlen, args, svargs, svmax, used_locale), SvUV, SvUVX,
    PL_sv_yes, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp,
    XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV,
    XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
    XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNV, XST_mNO, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF,
    XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero

    AUTHORS

  perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C

    DESCRIPTION
    An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program

    THE PERL_CALL FUNCTIONS
    perl_call_sv, perl_call_pv, perl_call_method, perl_call_argv

    FLAG VALUES

    G_VOID

    G_SCALAR

    G_ARRAY

    G_DISCARD

    G_NOARGS

    G_EVAL

    G_KEEPERR

    Determining the Context


    KNOWN PROBLEMS

    EXAMPLES

    No Parameters, Nothing returned

    Passing Parameters

    Returning a Scalar

    Returning a list of values

    Returning a list in a scalar context

    Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list

    Using G_EVAL

    Using G_KEEPERR

    Using perl_call_sv

    Using perl_call_argv

    Using perl_call_method

    Using GIMME_V

    Using Perl to dispose of temporaries

    Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
        1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a
        sequence of callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter
        to map to the Perl callback

    Alternate Stack Manipulation

    Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C


    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

    DATE

  perlhist - the Perl history records

    DESCRIPTION

    INTRODUCTION

    THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN

    PUMPKIN?


    THE RECORDS

    SELECTED RELEASE SIZES

    SELECTED PATCH SIZES


    THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS

PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
  attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    method, locked

  re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

  autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    WARNING

    AUTHOR

    SEE ALSO

  base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    SEE ALSO

  blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    BUGS

    AUTHOR

  constant - Perl pragma to declare constants

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    NOTES

    TECHNICAL NOTE

    BUGS

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

  diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
diagnostics

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    The `diagnostics' Pragma

    The *splain* Program


    EXAMPLES

    INTERNALS

    BUGS

    AUTHOR

  fields - compile-time class fields

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    SEE ALSO

  integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of
double

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

  less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

  lib - manipulate @INC at compile time

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    ADDING DIRECTORIES TO @INC

    DELETING DIRECTORIES FROM @INC

    RESTORING ORIGINAL @INC


    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

  locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
operations

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

  overload - Package for overloading perl operations

    SYNOPSIS

    CAVEAT SCRIPTOR

    DESCRIPTION

    Declaration of overloaded functions

    Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
        FALSE, TRUE, `undef'

    Calling Conventions for Unary Operations

    Overloadable Operations
        *Arithmetic operations*, *Comparison operations*, *Bit
        operations*, *Increment and decrement*, *Transcendental
        functions*, *Boolean, string and numeric conversion*,
        *Special*

    Inheritance and overloading
        Strings as values of `use overload' directive, Overloading
        of an operation is inherited by derived classes


    SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR `use overload'

    Last Resort

    Fallback
        `undef', TRUE, defined, but FALSE

    Copy Constructor
        Example


    MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
    *Assignment forms of arithmetic operations*, *Conversion
    operations*, *Increment and decrement*, `abs($a)', *Unary
    minus*, *Negation*, *Concatenation*, *Comparison operations*,
    *Copy operator*

    WARNING

    Run-time Overloading

    Public functions
    overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg),
    overload::Method(obj,op)

    Overloading constants
    integer, float, binary, q, qr

    IMPLEMENTATION

    AUTHOR

    DIAGNOSTICS

    BUGS

  sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    OPTIONS

    SIGNAL HANDLERS
        stack-trace, die, handler *your-handler*

    SIGNAL LISTS
        normal-signals, error-signals, old-interface-signals

    OTHER
        untrapped, any, *signal*, *number*


    EXAMPLES

  strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    `strict refs', `strict vars', `strict subs'

  subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

  vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

MODULE DOCUMENTATION
  AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    DBM Comparisons
        [0], [1], [2], [3]


    SEE ALSO

  AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Subroutine Stubs

    Using AutoLoader's AUTOLOAD Subroutine

    Overriding AutoLoader's AUTOLOAD Subroutine

    Package Lexicals

    AutoLoader vs. SelfLoader


    CAVEATS

    SEE ALSO

  AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    $keep, $check, $modtime

    Multiple packages


    DIAGNOSTICS

  B - The Perl Compiler

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    OVERVIEW OF CLASSES

    SV-RELATED CLASSES

    B::SV METHODS
        REFCNT, FLAGS

    B::IV METHODS
        IV, IVX, needs64bits, packiv

    B::NV METHODS
        NV, NVX

    B::RV METHODS
        RV

    B::PV METHODS
        PV

    B::PVMG METHODS
        MAGIC, SvSTASH

    B::MAGIC METHODS
        MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR

    B::PVLV METHODS
        TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG

    B::BM METHODS
        USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE

    B::GV METHODS
        NAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, LINE,
        FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS

    B::IO METHODS
        LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV,
        FMT_NAME, FMT_GV, BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS,
        IoTYPE, IoFLAGS

    B::AV METHODS
        FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS

    B::CV METHODS
        STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILEGV, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE,
        XSUB, XSUBANY

    B::HV METHODS
        FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY

    OP-RELATED CLASSES

    B::OP METHODS
        next, sibling, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private

    B::UNOP METHOD
        first

    B::BINOP METHOD
        last

    B::LOGOP METHOD
        other

    B::CONDOP METHODS
        true, false

    B::LISTOP METHOD
        children

    B::PMOP METHODS
        pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags,
        pmpermflags, precomp

    B::SVOP METHOD
        sv

    B::GVOP METHOD
        gv

    B::PVOP METHOD
        pv

    B::LOOP METHODS
        redoop, nextop, lastop

    B::COP METHODS
        label, stash, filegv, cop_seq, arybase, line


    FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY `B'
    main_cv, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes,
    sv_no, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
    walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE), svref_2object(SV),
    ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR),
    class(OBJ), threadsv_names, byteload_fh(FILEHANDLE)

    AUTHOR

  B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
bytecode

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    AUTHOR

  B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    AUTHOR

  B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    AUTHOR

  B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    OPTIONS
    -ofilename, --, -f, -fcompress-nullops, -fomit-sequence-numbers,
    -fbypass-nullops, -fstrip-syntax-tree, -On, -D, -Do, -Db, -Da, -
    DC, -S, -m

    BUGS

    AUTHOR

  B::C - Perl compiler's C backend

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    OPTIONS
    -ofilename, -v, --, -uPackname, -D, -Do, -Dc, -DA, -DC, -DM, -f,
    -fcog, -fno-cog, -On

    EXAMPLES

    BUGS

    AUTHOR

  B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    OPTIONS
    -ofilename, -v, --, -uPackname, -mModulename, -D, -Dr, -DO, -Ds,
    -Dp, -Dq, -Dl, -Dt, -f, -ffreetmps-each-bblock, -ffreetmps-each-
    loop, -fomit-taint, -On

    EXAMPLES

    BUGS

    DIFFERENCES

    Loops

    Context of ".."

    Arithmetic

    Deprecated features


    AUTHOR

  B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    AUTHOR

  B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    OPTIONS
    -p, -u*PACKAGE*, -l, -s*LETTERS*, C

    BUGS

    AUTHOR

  B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    AUTHOR

  B::Lint - Perl lint

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
    context, implicit-read and implicit-write, dollar-underscore,
    private-names, undefined-subs, regexp-variables, all, none

    NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
    -u Package

    BUGS

    AUTHOR

  B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    CONVENTIONS

    IMPLEMENTATION

    AUTHOR

  B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    AUTHOR

  B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    AUTHOR

  B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    AUTHOR

  B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    OPTIONS
    `-oFILENAME', `-r', `-D[tO]'

    BUGS

    AUTHOR

  Benchmark - benchmark running times of code

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Methods
        new, debug

    Standard Exports
        timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [
        STYLE ]] ), timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ),
        timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr ( TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ]
        ] )

    Optional Exports
        clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), disablecache ( ),
        enablecache ( )


    NOTES

    INHERITANCE

    CAVEATS

    AUTHORS

    MODIFICATION HISTORY

  CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class

    SYNOPSIS

    ABSTRACT

    DESCRIPTION

    PROGRAMMING STYLE

    CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
        1. Use another name for the argument, if one is available.
        Forexample, -value is an alias for -values, 2. Change the
        capitalization, e.g. -Values, 3. Put quotes around the
        argument name, e.g. '-values'

    CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):

    CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE

    FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:

    FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:

    FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:

    SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:

    APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:

    IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:

    DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:

    DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:

    DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:

    SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:

    USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
        :cgi, :form, :html2, :html3, :netscape, :html, :standard,
        :all

    PRAGMAS
        -any, -compile, -nph, -autoload, -no_debug, -
        private_tempfiles


    GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS

    CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:

    GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER

    CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
        Parameters:, 4, 5, 6..

    ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:

    CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:

    OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
        -absolute, -relative, -full, -path (-path_info), -query (-
        query_string)


    CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:

    PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS

    THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS

    HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION

    NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS


    CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:

    CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG

    STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
        application/x-www-form-urlencoded, multipart/form-data

    CREATING A TEXT FIELD
        Parameters

    CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD

    CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD

    CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
        Parameters

    CREATING A POPUP MENU

    CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
        Parameters:

    CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
        Parameters:

    CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
        Parameters:

    CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
        Parameters:

    CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
        Parameters:

    CREATING A RESET BUTTON

    CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON

    CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
        Parameters:

    CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
        Parameters:, 3.The third option (-align, optional) is an
        alignment type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE

    CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON


    NETSCAPE COOKIES
    1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure"
    flag, -name, -value, -path, -domain, -expires, -secure

    WORKING WITH NETSCAPE FRAMES
    1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for
    the document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for
    the document in the <FORM> tag

    LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS

    DEBUGGING

    DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS


    FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
    accept(), raw_cookie(), user_agent(), path_info(),
    path_translated(), remote_host(), script_name()Return the script
    name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, referer(),
    auth_type (), server_name (), virtual_host (), server_software
    (), remote_user (), user_name (), request_method()

    USING NPH SCRIPTS
    In the use statement, By calling the nph() method:, By using -
    nph parameters in the header() and redirect() statements:

    Server Push
    multipart_init() multipart_init(-boundary=>$boundary);,
    multipart_start(), multipart_end()

    Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
    $CGI::POST_MAX, $CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS, 1. On a script-by-script
    basis, 2. Globally for all scripts

    COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL

    AUTHOR INFORMATION

    CREDITS
    Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
    (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>,
    Mike Jewell (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin
    (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg (jh@axis.se), Laurent
    Delfosse (delfosse@csgrad1.cs.wvu.edu), Richard Resnick
    (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au),
    Tony Curtis (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce
    (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen (tchrist@convex.com),
    Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie
    (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
    (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen
    (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan
    Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug MacEachern
    (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
    ...and many many more..

    A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT

    BUGS

    SEE ALSO

  CGI::Apache - Make things work with CGI.pm against Perl-Apache API

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    NOTE 1

    NOTE 2

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

  CGI::Carp, CGI::Carp - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
other) error log

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES

    MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW

    Changing the default message


    CHANGE LOG

    AUTHORS

    SEE ALSO

  CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    USING CGI::Cookie
    1. expiration date, 2. domain, 3. path, 4. secure flag

    Creating New Cookies

    Sending the Cookie to the Browser

    Recovering Previous Cookies

    Manipulating Cookies
        name(), value(), domain(), path(), expires()


    AUTHOR INFORMATION

    BUGS

    SEE ALSO

  CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE

    WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS

    INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS

    USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS

    CAVEATS

    AUTHOR INFORMATION

    BUGS

    SEE ALSO

  CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    USING CGI::Push
    -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -
    expires

    Heterogeneous Pages

    Changing the Page Delay on the Fly


    INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS

    CAVEATS

    AUTHOR INFORMATION

    BUGS

    SEE ALSO

  CGI::Switch - Try more than one constructors and return the first
object available

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

  CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Interactive Mode
        Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and
        modules, make, test, install, clean modules or
        distributions, readme, look module or distribution, Signals

    CPAN::Shell

    autobundle

    recompile

    The four `CPAN::*' Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution

    ProgrammerE<39>s interface
        expand($type,@things), Programming Examples

    Methods in the four

    Cache Manager

    Bundles

    Prerequisites

    Finding packages and VERSION

    Debugging

    Floppy, Zip, and all that Jazz


    CONFIGURATION
    o conf <scalar option>, o conf <scalar option> <value>, o conf
    <list option>, o conf <list option> [shift|pop], o conf <list
    option> [unshift|push|splice] <list>

    CD-ROM support


    SECURITY

    EXPORT

    BUGS

    AUTHOR

    SEE ALSO

  CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

  CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
module

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    SEE ALSO

  Carp, carp    - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Forcing a Stack Trace


  Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    The `struct()' function

    Element Types and Accessor Methods
        Scalar (`'$'' or `'*$''), Array (`'@'' or `'*@''), Hash
        (`'%'' or `'*%''), Class (`'Class_Name'' or `'*Class_Name'')


    EXAMPLES
    Example 1, Example 2

    Author and Modification History

  Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

  DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    DB_HASH, DB_BTREE, DB_RECNO

    Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2

    Interface to Berkeley DB

    Opening a Berkeley DB Database File

    Default Parameters

    In Memory Databases


    DB_HASH

    A Simple Example


    DB_BTREE

    Changing the BTREE sort order

    Handling Duplicate Keys

    The get_dup() Method

    Matching Partial Keys


    DB_RECNO

    The 'bval' Option

    A Simple Example

    Extra Methods
        $X->push(list) ;, $value = $X->pop ;, $X->shift, $X-
        >unshift(list) ;, $X->length

    Another Example


    THE API INTERFACE
    $status = $X->get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;, $status = $X-
    >put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;, $status = $X->del($key [,
    $flags]) ;, $status = $X->fd ;, $status = $X->seq($key, $value,
    $flags) ;, $status = $X->sync([$flags]) ;

    HINTS AND TIPS

    Locking Databases

    Sharing Databases With C Applications

    The untie() Gotcha


    COMMON QUESTIONS

    Why is there Perl source in my database?

    How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?

    What does "Invalid Argument" mean?

    What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?


    HISTORY

    BUGS

    AVAILABILITY

    COPYRIGHT

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

  Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
printing and `eval'

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Methods
        *PACKAGE*->new(*ARRAYREF [*, *ARRAYREF]*), *$OBJ*->Dump *or*
        *PACKAGE*->Dump(*ARRAYREF [*, *ARRAYREF]*), *$OBJ*->Dumpxs
        *or* *PACKAGE*->Dumpxs(*ARRAYREF [*, *ARRAYREF]*), *$OBJ*-
        >Seen(*[HASHREF]*), *$OBJ*->Values(*[ARRAYREF]*), *$OBJ*-
        >Names(*[ARRAYREF]*), *$OBJ*->Reset

    Functions
        Dumper(*LIST*), DumperX(*LIST*)

    Configuration Variables or Methods
        $Data::Dumper::Indent *or* *$OBJ*->Indent(*[NEWVAL]*),
        $Data::Dumper::Purity *or* *$OBJ*->Purity(*[NEWVAL]*),
        $Data::Dumper::Pad *or* *$OBJ*->Pad(*[NEWVAL]*),
        $Data::Dumper::Varname *or* *$OBJ*->Varname(*[NEWVAL]*),
        $Data::Dumper::Useqq *or* *$OBJ*->Useqq(*[NEWVAL]*),
        $Data::Dumper::Terse *or* *$OBJ*->Terse(*[NEWVAL]*),
        $Data::Dumper::Freezer *or* $*OBJ*->Freezer(*[NEWVAL]*),
        $Data::Dumper::Toaster *or* $*OBJ*->Toaster(*[NEWVAL]*),
        $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy *or* $*OBJ*->Deepcopy(*[NEWVAL]*),
        $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys *or* $*OBJ*->Quotekeys(*[NEWVAL]*),
        $Data::Dumper::Bless *or* $*OBJ*->Bless(*[NEWVAL]*)

    Exports
        Dumper


    EXAMPLES

    BUGS

    AUTHOR

    VERSION

    SEE ALSO

  Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

  DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

  English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
variables

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

  Env - perl module that imports environment variables

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    AUTHOR

  Exporter - Implements default import method for modules

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Selecting What To Export

    Specialised Import Lists

    Exporting without using Export's import method

    Module Version Checking

    Managing Unknown Symbols

    Tag Handling Utility Functions


  ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
Makefiles etc.

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    cat, eqtime src dst, rm_f files..., rm_f files..., touch files
    .., mv source... destination, cp source... destination, chmod
    mode files.., mkpath directory.., test_f file

    BUGS

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

  ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    @EXPORT

    FUNCTIONS
    xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(),
    ccdlflags(), ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules),
    xsi_body(@modules)

    EXAMPLES

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

  ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

  ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    USAGE

    FUNCTIONS
    new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(),
    validate(), packlist(), version()

    EXAMPLE

    AUTHOR

  ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic
    extensions

    EXTRALIBS

    LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH

    BSLOADLIBS


    PORTABILITY

    VMS implementation

    Win32 implementation


    SEE ALSO

  ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
ExtUtils::MakeMaker

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

  ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    METHODS

    Preloaded methods
        canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, rootdir, updir

    SelfLoaded methods
        c_o (o), cflags (o), clean (o), const_cccmd (o),
        const_config (o), const_loadlibs (o), constants (o), depend
        (o), dir_target (o), dist (o), dist_basics (o), dist_ci (o),
        dist_core (o), dist_dir (o), dist_test (o), dlsyms (o),
        dynamic (o), dynamic_bs (o), dynamic_lib (o), exescan,
        extliblist, file_name_is_absolute, find_perl

    Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
        fixin, force (o), guess_name, has_link_code, init_dirscan,
        init_main, init_others, install (o), installbin (o), libscan
        (o), linkext (o), lsdir, macro (o), makeaperl (o), makefile
        (o), manifypods (o), maybe_command, maybe_command_in_dirs,
        needs_linking (o), nicetext, parse_version, parse_abstract,
        pasthru (o), path, perl_script, perldepend (o), ppd, perm_rw
        (o), perm_rwx (o), pm_to_blib, post_constants (o),
        post_initialize (o), postamble (o), prefixify, processPL
        (o), realclean (o), replace_manpage_separator, static (o),
        static_lib (o), staticmake (o), subdir_x (o), subdirs (o),
        test (o), test_via_harness (o), test_via_script (o),
        tool_autosplit (o), tools_other (o), tool_xsubpp (o),
        top_targets (o), writedoc, xs_c (o), xs_o (o), perl_archive,
        export_list


    SEE ALSO

  ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
ExtUtils::MakeMaker

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Methods always loaded
        eliminate_macros, fixpath, catdir, catfile, wraplist, curdir
        (override), rootdir (override), updir (override)

    SelfLoaded methods
        guess_name (override), find_perl (override), path
        (override), maybe_command (override), maybe_command_in_dirs
        (override), perl_script (override), file_name_is_absolute
        (override), replace_manpage_separator, init_others
        (override), constants (override), cflags (override),
        const_cccmd (override), pm_to_blib (override),
        tool_autosplit (override), tool_sxubpp (override),
        xsubpp_version (override), tools_other (override), dist
        (override), c_o (override), xs_c (override), xs_o
        (override), top_targets (override), dlsyms (override),
        dynamic_lib (override), dynamic_bs (override), static_lib
        (override), manifypods (override), processPL (override),
        installbin (override), subdir_x (override), clean
        (override), realclean (override), dist_basics (override),
        dist_core (override), dist_dir (override), dist_test
        (override), install (override), perldepend (override),
        makefile (override), test (override), test_via_harness
        (override), test_via_script (override), makeaperl
        (override), nicetext (override)


  ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
ExtUtils::MakeMaker

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    catfile, constants (o), static_lib (o), dynamic_bs (o),
    dynamic_lib (o), canonpath, perl_script, pm_to_blib,
    test_via_harness (o), tool_autosplit (override), tools_other
    (o), xs_o (o), top_targets (o), manifypods (o), dist_ci (o),
    dist_core (o), pasthru (o)

  ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    How To Write A Makefile.PL

    Default Makefile Behaviour

    make test

    make testdb

    make install

    PREFIX and LIB attribute

    AFS users

    Static Linking of a new Perl Binary

    Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations

    Which architecture dependent directory?

    Using Attributes and Parameters
        C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME,
        DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, NO_VC,
        FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT,
        INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR,
        INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT,
        INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITEARCH, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
        INST_EXE, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT,
        LDFROM, LIBPERL_A, LIB, LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE,
        MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
        NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL,
        PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW,
        PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, SKIP,
        TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG,
        XS_VERSION

    Additional lowercase attributes
        clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, installpm, linkext, macro,
        realclean, tool_autosplit

    Overriding MakeMaker Methods

    Hintsfile support

    Distribution Support
        make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make
        manifest, make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make
        uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci

    Disabling an extension


    SEE ALSO

    AUTHORS

  ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    MANIFEST.SKIP

    EXPORT_OK

    GLOBAL VARIABLES

    DIAGNOSTICS
    `Not in MANIFEST:' *file*, `No such file:' *file*, `MANIFEST:'
    *$!*, `Added to MANIFEST:' *file*

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

  ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

  ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
extension

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    NAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, DLBASE

    AUTHOR

    REVISION

  ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    USAGE

    FUNCTIONS
    new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()

    EXAMPLE

    AUTHOR

  ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

  Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    AUTHOR

  Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    NOTE

    EXPORTED SYMBOLS

  File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse

    EXAMPLES
    `basename', `dirname'

  File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

  File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    RETURN

    AUTHOR

  File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Special behavior if `syscopy' is defined (VMS and OS/2)
        rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])


    RETURN

    AUTHOR

  File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    EXPORTS (by request only)

    BUGS

    AUTHOR

    HISTORY

    SEE ALSO

  File::Find, find - traverse a file tree

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    BUGS

  File::Path - create or remove a series of directories

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    AUTHORS

    REVISION

  File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHORS

  File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    METHODS
    canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, rootdir, updir,
    file_name_is_absolute, path

    SEE ALSO

  File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

  File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    METHODS
    canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, rootdir, updir, no_upwards,
    file_name_is_absolute, path, join, nativename

    SEE ALSO

  File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Methods always loaded
        catdir, catfile, curdir (override), rootdir (override),
        updir (override), path (override), file_name_is_absolute
        (override)


  File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    catfile, canonpath

  File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    NOTE

    AUTHOR

  FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    BUGS

  FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines

    SEE ALSO

  FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    EXPORTABLE VARIABLES

    KNOWN BUGS

    AUTHORS

    COPYRIGHT

    REVISION

  GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    AVAILABILITY

    BUGS

    SEE ALSO

  Getopt::Long, GetOptions - extended processing of command line
options

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    !, +, :s, :i, :f

    Linkage specification

    Aliases and abbreviations

    Non-option call-back routine

    Option starters

    Return values and Errors


    COMPATIBILITY

    EXAMPLES

    CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
    default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, require_order, permute,
    bundling (default: reset), bundling_override (default: reset),
    ignore_case (default: set), ignore_case_always (default: reset),
    pass_through (default: reset), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug
    (default: reset)

    OTHER USEFUL VARIABLES
    $Getopt::Long::VERSION, $Getopt::Long::error

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER

  Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
clustering

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

  I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
locale

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

  IO - load various IO modules

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

  IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    CONSTRUCTOR
    new ([ ARGS ] ), new_tmpfile

    METHODS
    open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )

    SEE ALSO

    HISTORY

  IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
handles

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    CONSTRUCTOR
    new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )

    METHODS
    $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->opened, $fh->getline, $fh-
    >getlines, $fh->ungetc ( ORD ), $fh->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET
    }\] ), $fh->flush, $fh->error, $fh->clearerr, $fh->untaint

    NOTE

    SEE ALSO

    BUGS

    HISTORY

  IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    CONSTRCUTOR
    new ( [READER, WRITER] )

    METHODS
    reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

  IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
I/O objects

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    SEE ALSO

    HISTORY

  IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
call

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    CONSTRUCTOR
    new ( [ HANDLES ] )

    METHODS
    add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles,
    can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error (
    [ TIMEOUT ] ), count (), bits(), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE,
    ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )

    EXAMPLE

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

  IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
communications

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    CONSTRUCTOR
    new ( [ARGS] )

    METHODS
    accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain,
    socktype, protocol

    SUB-CLASSES

    IO::Socket::INET

    METHODS
        sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport
        (), peerhost ()

    IO::Socket::UNIX

    METHODS
        hostpath(), peerpath()


    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

  IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    WARNING

    SEE ALSO

  IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
handling

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    WARNING

  IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    ftok( PATH, ID )

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHORS

    COPYRIGHT

  IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    METHODS
    new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ),
    remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...]
    ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [, FLAGS ] ), stat

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

  IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
class

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    METHODS
    new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid (
    SEM ), getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ),
    remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...]
    ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N , VALUE ), stat

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

  Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to

    BUGS

    AUTHOR

  Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    Canonical notation, Input, Output

    EXAMPLES

    Autocreating constants

    BUGS

    AUTHOR

  Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
functions

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    OPERATIONS

    CREATION

    STRINGIFICATION

    USAGE

    ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO

    ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS

    BUGS

    AUTHORS

  Math::Trig - trigonometric functions

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
    tan

    ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO

    SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS


    PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS

    RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS

    COORDINATE SYSTEMS

    3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
        cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical,
        cylindrical_to_cartesian, cylindrical_to_spherical,
        spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical


    GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES

    EXAMPLES

    BUGS

    AUTHORS

  NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

  Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Functions
        Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p-
        >ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [,
        $timeout]);


    WARNING

    NOTES

  Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
functions

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    EXAMPLES

    NOTE

    AUTHOR

  Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
functions

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    EXAMPLES

    NOTE

    AUTHOR

  Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
functions

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    NOTE

    AUTHOR

  Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
functions

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    EXAMPLES

    NOTE

    AUTHOR

  ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

  Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    NOTE

    WARNING

    Operator Names and Operator Lists
    an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a
    negated opname or optag, an operator set (opset)

    Opcode Functions
    opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex
    (OPSET), full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET),
    verify_opset (OPSET, ...), define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET),
    opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...), opdump (PAT)

    Manipulating Opsets

    TO DO (maybe)

    Predefined Opcode Tags
    :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig,
    :base_math, :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db,
    :browse, :filesys_open, :filesys_write, :subprocess,
    :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided, :dangerous

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHORS

  Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
compartments

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    a new namespace, an operator mask

    WARNING

    RECENT CHANGES

    Methods in class Safe
        permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...),
        deny_only (OP, ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share
        (NAME, ...), share_from (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob
        (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME), root (NAMESPACE),
        mask (MASK)

    Some Safety Issues
        Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes

    AUTHOR


  Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
compiling

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    SEE ALSO

  POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    NOTE

    CAVEATS

    FUNCTIONS
    _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert,
    atan, atan2, atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil,
    chdir, chmod, chown, clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos,
    cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime, cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2,
    errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv, execve, execvp, exit, exp,
    fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror, fflush, fgetc,
    fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
    fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf,
    fseek, fsetpos, fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd,
    getegid, getenv, geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups,
    getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets,
    getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty, iscntrl, isdigit,
    isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper, isxdigit,
    kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log,
    log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr,
    memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf,
    nice, offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe,
    pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read,
    readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind, rewinddir, rmdir,
    scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid, setuid,
    sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
    sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf,
    stat, strcat, strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn,
    strerror, strftime, strlen, strncat, strncmp, strncpy, stroul,
    strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod, strtok, strtol,
    strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain, tcflow,
    tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times,
    tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset,
    umask, uname, ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf,
    vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs, wctomb, write

    CLASSES

    POSIX::SigAction
        new

    POSIX::SigSet
        new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember

    POSIX::Termios
        new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed,
        getlflag, getoflag, getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag,
        setiflag, setispeed, setlflag, setoflag, setospeed, Baud
        rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc field values,
        c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
        values, c_oflag field values


    PATHNAME CONSTANTS
    Constants

    POSIX CONSTANTS
    Constants

    SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
    Constants

    ERRNO
    Constants

    FCNTL
    Constants

    FLOAT
    Constants

    LIMITS
    Constants

    LOCALE
    Constants

    MATH
    Constants

    SIGNAL
    Constants

    STAT
    Constants, Macros

    STDLIB
    Constants

    STDIO
    Constants

    TIME
    Constants

    UNISTD
    Constants

    WAIT
    Constants, Macros

    CREATION

  Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    ARGUMENTS
    help, htmlroot, infile, outfile, podroot, podpath, libpods,
    netscape, nonetscape, index, noindex, recurse, norecurse, title,
    verbose

    EXAMPLE

    AUTHOR

    BUGS

    SEE ALSO

    COPYRIGHT

  Pod::Text - convert POD data to formatted ASCII text

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    AUTHOR

    TODO

  SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

  Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

  SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

  SelfLoader - load functions only on demand

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    The __DATA__ token

    SelfLoader autoloading

    Autoloading and package lexicals

    SelfLoader and AutoLoader

    __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.

    Classes and inherited methods.


    Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names

  Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    AUTHOR

  Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
socket.h defines and structure manipulators

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY,
    INADDR_BROADCAST, INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in
    PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT,
    IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un
    PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH,
    unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN

  Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

  Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    AUTHOR

  Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format,
    @args, setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added
    in 5.004_02), closelog

    EXAMPLES

    DEPENDENCIES

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

  Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    EXAMPLES

  Term::Complete - Perl word completion module

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    <tab>, ^D, ^U, <del>, <bs>

    DIAGNOSTICS

    BUGS

    AUTHOR

  Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various `readline' packages. If
no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Minimal set of supported functions
    `ReadLine', `new', `readline', `addhistory', `IN', $`OUT',
    `MinLine', `findConsole', Attribs, `Features'

    Additional supported functions
    `tkRunning', `ornaments', `newTTY'

    EXPORTS

    ENVIRONMENT

  Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    TEST TYPES
    NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS

    ONFAIL

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

  Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    The test script output


    EXPORT

    DIAGNOSTICS
    `All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s', `FAILED tests
    %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.', `Test returned status
    %d (wstat %d)', `Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s', `Failed %d/%d
    tests, %.2f%% okay. %s'

    ENVIRONMENT

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHORS

    BUGS

  Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    EXAMPLE

  Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
arrays

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    EXAMPLES
    0a simple word, 1multiple spaces are skipped because of our
    $delim, 2use of quotes to include a space in a word, 3use of a
    backslash to include a space in a word, 4use of a backslash to
    remove the special meaning of a double-quote, 5another simple
    word (note the lack of effect of the backslashed double-quote)

    AUTHORS

  Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
by Knuth

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    EXAMPLES

    LIMITATIONS

    AUTHOR

  Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
unexpand(1)

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    BUGS

    AUTHOR

  Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    EXAMPLE

    BUGS

    AUTHOR

  Thread - multithreading

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    FUNCTIONS
    new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async
    BLOCK;, Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE,
    cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE

    METHODS
    join, eval, tid

    LIMITATIONS

    SEE ALSO

  Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
    new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending

    SEE ALSO

  Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
    new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER

  Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    BUGS

  Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys

    SYNOPSIS

  Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this,
    index, FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this,
    count, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
    SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length,
    LIST

    CAVEATS

    AUTHOR

  Tie::Handle - base class definitions for tied handles

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset,
    PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar,
    length, offset, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this

    MORE INFORMATION

  Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this,
    key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key,
    DELETE this, key, CLEAR this

    CAVEATS

    MORE INFORMATION

  Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    EXAMPLE

    AUTHOR

    VERSION

    SEE ALSO

  Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
scalars

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value,
    DESTROY this

    MORE INFORMATION

  Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    CAVEATS

  Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

  Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
function

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    NOTE

    AUTHOR

  Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
function

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    NOTE

    AUTHOR

  Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    AUTHOR

  UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ),
    UNIVERSAL::isa ( VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD )

  User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
functions

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    NOTE

    AUTHOR

  User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
functions

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    NOTE

    AUTHOR

AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
    Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but
    they don't all have manual pages yet:

    a2p

    s2p

    find2perl

    h2ph

    c2ph

    h2xs

    xsubpp

    pod2man

    wrapsuid

AUTHOR
    Larry Wall <larry@wall.org>, with the help of oodles of other
    folks.

